GC-MS-Based Metabolite Profiling and Cytotoxic Activity of Cymbopogon nardus Essential Oil from Different Regions

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.106921

Dede Sukandar(1*), Rudi Heryanto(2), Dasumiati Dasumiati(3), Anny Sulaswatty(4), Egi Agustian(5), Isty Anggraeni(6), Saeful Rohman(7), Alfi Hudatul Karomah(8), Tarso Rudiana(9), Jefry Novrianto(10)

(1) Department of Chemistry, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Jl. Ir. H. Juanda No. 95, Ciputat, Tangerang Selatan 15412, Indonesia
(2) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Jl. Tanjung Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia; Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, IPB University, Jl. Taman Kencana No. 3, Kampus IPB Taman Kencana, Bogor 16128, Indonesia; Advanced Research Laboratory - Institute of Research and Community Services, IPB University, Jl. Palem Raya Kampus IPB, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
(3) Department of Biology, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Jl. Ir. H. Juanda No. 95, Ciputat, Tangerang Selatan 15412, Indonesia
(4) Research Center for Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST BJ Habibie, Setu, Tangerang Selatan 15314, Indonesia
(5) Research Center for Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST BJ Habibie, Setu, Tangerang Selatan 15314, Indonesia
(6) Department of Biology, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Jl. Ir. H. Juanda No. 95, Ciputat, Tangerang Selatan 15412, Indonesia
(7) Research Center for Advanced Materials, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST BJ Habibie, Setu, Tangerang Selatan 15314, Indonesia
(8) Advanced Research Laboratory - Institute of Research and Community Services, IPB University, Jl. Palem Raya Kampus IPB, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
(9) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Pharmacy and Health, Universitas Mathla’ul Anwar, Jl. Raya Labuan Km. 23, Pandeglang, Banten 42273, Indonesia
(10) Department of Chemistry, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Jl. Ir. H. Juanda No. 95, Ciputat, Tangerang Selatan 15412, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


This study aimed to investigate the chemical profiles and anticancer activity of essential oil from citronella grass (Cymbopogon nardus L.) obtained from two regions and using two methods. The cytotoxic activity of each essential oil was assessed using the Alamar Blue assay against MCF-7 cells, while their chemical profiles were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and further analyzed using metabolomic analyses such as principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Based on the Alamar blue assay, citronella oil has an IC50 value ranging from 41.23 ± 6.09 to 179.65 ± 58.43 µg/mL. GC-MS analysis identified 102 metabolites in citronella oil. Based on the peak areas of the 102 metabolites, PCA determined the distribution of metabolites in each essential oil and grouped them based on their distribution into the Cibinong group, Solok hydrodistillation-sonication group, and Solok hydrodistillation without sonication group. Based on OPLS-DA, the compounds with potential as breast cancer agents were citronellal, geraniol, δ-guaiene, cedryl acetate, and elemol.


Keywords


anticancer; Cymbopogon nardus L.; essential oil; MCF-7 cell, metabolomic

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.106921

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