Synthesis of Cassava Waste Pulp-Acrylamide Super Absorbent: Effect of Initiator and Cross-Linker Concentration

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21328

Zainal Alim Mas’ud(1), Mohammad Khotib(2*), Nurmutia Sari(3), Anwar Nur(4)

(1) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, Darmaga Campus Agatis Street, Bogor 16144
(2) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, Darmaga Campus Agatis Street, Bogor 16144
(3) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, Darmaga Campus Agatis Street, Bogor 16144
(4) Integrated Laboratory Bogor Agricultural University, Baranangsiang Campus, Pajajaran Street, Bogor 16151
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Cassava waste pulp (CWP) contains high carbohydrates that can be modified into super absorbent polymer (SAP) through grafting and cross-linking copolymerization. Acrylamide (AM) was grafted onto CWP with ammonium persulfate (APS) as the initiator and N,N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide (MBA) as the cross-linker under atmospheric nitrogen. The effect of APS and MBA concentrations on water absorption capacity of saponified SAP was studied, while the evaluation of grafting ratio (GR) and grafting efficiency (GRE) was conducted on unsaponified SAP. The grafting success was indicated by the occurrence of IR peaks at wave numbers of 573, 765, 858, and 1667 cm-1. In the saponified SAP, the very intense characteristic band at 1562 cm-1 is due to C=O asymmetric stretching in the carboxylate anion. Saponification increases significantly water absorption capacity compared to that of unsaponified SAP (from 39.79 g/g to 578.23 g/g). The highest water absorption capacity is reached at 0.74% APS and 0.09% MBA. The percentage of GRE and GR tends to increase with increasing APS concentration until reaching the highest value and then decreases. Effect of MBA concentration on water absorption capacity, GR, and on GRE is similar to the effect of initiator concentration on GR and GRE.

Keywords


super absorbent; cassava waste pulp; graft-copolymerization; acrylamide

Full Text:

Full Text PDF


References

[1] Anonymous, Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), 2011, http://www.bps.go.id/tnmn_pgn.php?kat=3, access July 10, 2011.

[2] Ubalua, A.U., 2007, African J. Biotechnol., 6, 18, 2065–2073

[3] Srinorakutara, T., Kaewvimol, L., and Saengow, L., 2006, J. Sci. Res. Chula. Univ., 31, 1, 77–84.

[4] Zhang, J., Li, A., and Wang, A., 2006, Carbohydr. Polym., 65, 2, 150–158.

[5] Li, A., Zhang, J.P., and Wang, A.Q., 2007, Bioresour. Technol., 98, 2, 327–332.

[6] Teli, M.D., and Waghmare, N.G., 2009, Carbohydr. Polym., 78, 3, 492–496.

[7] Swantomo, D., Megasari, K., and Saptaaji, R., 2008, Jurnal Forum Nuklir, 2, 143–156.

[8] Moad, G., and Solomon, D.H., The Chemistry of Radical Polymerization, 2nd ed., Elsevier Inc., San Diego, CA, 2006, p. 639.

[9] Al, E., Güçlü, G., İyim, T.B., Emik, S., and Özgümüş, S., 2008, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 109, 1, 16–22.

[10] Khalil, M.I., and Farag, S., 1998, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 69, 1, 45–50.

[11] Lanthong, P., Nuisin, R., and Kiatkamjornwong, S., 2006, Carbohydr. Polym., 66, 1, 229–245.

[12] Hon, D.N-S, 1982, Graft Copolimerization of Lignocellulosic Fibers, ACS Sym. Ser., 187, DOI: 10.1021/bk-1982-0187.

[13] Pourjavadi, A., and Mahdavinia, G.R., 2006, Turk. J. Chem., 30, 595–608.

[14] Kiatkamjornwong, S., 2007, Sci. Asia., 33, 39–43.

[15] Liu, J., Wang, Q., and Wang, A., 2007, Carbohydr. Polym., 70, 2, 166–173.

[16] Chauhan, G.S., and Lal, H., 2003, Desalination, 159, 2, 131–138.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21328

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 2218 | views : 1991


Copyright (c) 2013 Indonesian Journal of Chemistry

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

 

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry (ISSN 1411-9420 /e-ISSN 2460-1578) - Chemistry Department, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia.

Web Analytics View The Statistics of Indones. J. Chem.