FOUR-FACTOR RESPONSE SURFACE OPTIMIZATION OF THE ENZYMATIC SYNTHESIS OF WAX ESTER FROM PALM KERNEL OIL

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21653

Erin Ryantin Gunawan(1*), Dedy Suhendra(2)

(1) Department of Chemistry, FMIPA Universitas Mataram, Jl. Majapahit No. 62 Mataram 83125
(2) Department of Chemistry, FMIPA Universitas Mataram, Jl. Majapahit No. 62 Mataram 83125
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


The synthesis of wax ester using refined, bleached and deodorized (RBD) palm kernel oil (PKO) and oley alcohol catalyzed by Lipozyme IM was carried out. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a five-level, four-factor central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was used to evaluate the interactive effects of synthesis, of reaction time (5-20 h), temperature (20-50 oC), amount of enzyme (0.1-0.2 g) and substrate molar ratio (palm kernel oil to oleyl alcohol, 1:1-1:5) on the percentage yield of wax esters. The optimum condition conditions derived via RSM were reaction time 8.46 h, temperature 44.4 oC, amount of enzyme 0.182 g, substrate molar ratio 1 to 3.7. The actual experimental yield was 92.9 % under optimum condition, which good accordance to the maximum predicted value of 92.4 %.


Keywords


response surface methodology; central composite rotatable design; palm kernel oil; lipozyme; alcoholysis; wax ester

Full Text:

Full Text Pdf


References

[1] Chen, J.P., and Wang, J.B., 1997, Enz. Microb. Technol., 18, 615-622

[2] Peter, T.R., and Robert, B., 2001, Personal Care, Oct. 27-31

[3] Kline, S., French International Co, 1956, GB 747914

[4] Hallberg, M.L., Wang, D., and Harold, M., 1999, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 76(2), 183-187

[5] Aracil, J., Martinez, M., and Sanchez, N., Zeolites, 26, 233-236 (1992).

[6] Coteron, A., Sanchez, N., Martinez, M., and Aracil, J., 1993, Canadian J. Chem. Eng., 71: 485-488.

[7] Trani, M., Ergan, F., and Andre, G., 1991, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc, 68, 20-22

[8] Yadav, G.D. and Lathi, P.S., 2003, Biochem. Eng. J., 16, 245-252.

[9] Knox, T., and Cliffe, K.R., 1984, Process Biochem, 19, 188-192

[10] Salmiah, A., 1994, PORIM, Kuala Lumpur: 160-182.

[11] Cohran, W.G., and Cox, G.M., 2002, Experimental Design, NewYork: Wiley.

[12] PORIM Technology 6, Malaysian Palm Oil Chemical and Physical Characteristic, 1981, Bangi : Palm Oil Research Institute Malaysia, 3, 2.

[13] Design Expert Version 6.0.4. User’s Guide. USA: Stat-Ease Inc., Section 12.

[14] Montgomery, D.C. Design and Analysis of Experiments. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc

[15] Haaland, P.D, 1989, Experimental Design in Biotechnology, New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc.

[16] Kiran, K.R., Manohar, B., Karant, N.G., and Divakar, S., 2000, Europ. Food Research Technol., 211, 130-135.

[17] Osario, N.M., Ferreira-Dias, S., Gusmao, J.H., and da Fonseca, M.M.R., 2001, J. Mol. Catalysis B: Enzymatic, 11, 677-686,

[18] Habulin, M., Krmelj, V., and Knez, Z., 1993, J. Agr. Food Chem., 44, 338-342.

[19] Lou, Y., 1986, Biochimie, 68, 1237-1243.

[20] Manohar, B., and Divakar, S., 2004, Proc. Biochem., 39, 847-853.

[21] Gunawan, E.R., Basri, M., Rahman, M.B.A., Rahman, R.N.Z.A., and Salleh, A.B., 2005, Enz. Microb. Technol. J., 37, 739-744.

[22] Hari Krishna, S., Manohar, B., Divakar, S., Prapulla S.G., and Karant, N.G., 2000, Enz. Microb. Technol., 26, 131-136.

[23] Chowdary, G.V., and Prapulla, S.G., 2002, Process Biochem., 38, 393-397

[24] Rodriguez-nogales, J.M., Roura, E., and Contreras, E., 2005, Process Biochem., 40, 63-68.

[25] Soo, E.L., Salleh, A.B., Basri, M., Rahman, R.N.Z.A., and Kamaruddin, K., 2004, Process Biochem., 39:11, 1511-1518.

[26] Chiang, W.D., Chang, S.W., and Shiah, C.J., 2003, Process Biochem, 38, 1103-1197.

[27] Gunawan, E.R, Basri, M., Rahman, M.B.A., Rahman, R.N.Z.A., and Salleh, A.B., 2004, J. Oleo Sci., 53 (1) 471-477

[28] Govindasamy, S., Campanella, O.H., and Oates, C.G., 1997, J. Food Eng., 32, 403-426.

[29] Garcia, T., Sanchez, N., Martinez, M. and Aracil, J., 1999, Enz. Microb. Technol., 25, 591-597.

[30] Yahya A.R.M, Anderson W.A. and Moo-Young, M. 1998, 23, 438-450.

[31] Zaks, A., and Klibanov, A.M., 1984, Science, 224, 1249-1251.

[32] Shieh, C.J., Akoh, C.C., and Koehler, P.E., 1995, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc, 72, 619-623.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21653

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 1397 | views : 3740


Copyright (c) 2010 Indonesian Journal of Chemistry

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

 

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry (ISSN 1411-9420 /e-ISSN 2460-1578) - Chemistry Department, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia.

Web Analytics View The Statistics of Indones. J. Chem.