Conocarpus erectus  Leaf Extract for Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles

Amjed Mirza Alsultani

doi:10.22146/ijc.26278

Conocarpus erectus Leaf Extract for Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.26278

Amjed Mirza Alsultani^(1*)

(1) Science Department, College of Basic Education, University of Babylon, Babylon 51002, Iraq
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Silver nanoparticles (SNPs) were synthesized by a green method using Conocarpus erectus leaves extract. Leaves were cleaned and used freshly then the extract was obtained by heating leaves in water for 15 min. Silver nitrate used as SNPs precursor and 5 mL of extract were added to silver ion solution at 80 °C and the growth of nanoparticle was monitored by electronic spectra at plasmon resonance absorption of SNPs, where the growth obeys sigmoidal kinetics. SNPs were characterized by SEM, XRD, FTIR, UV-vis absorption and fluorescence, and particle size was estimated. SEM reveals that the SNPs had spherical shape and particle size less than 100 nm. XRD analysis showed that only Ag phase was present and the estimated particle size was 20 nm. FTIR spectra analysis showed similarity of extract and SNPs, indicating the adsorption of active components of the extract on the high surface area of SNPs. Electronic absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy showed that plasmon absorption and fluorescence in the visible region were a characteristic feature of SNPs. Antibacterial activity examined against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus indicated that the inhibition zones were equal to 24 and 19 mm, respectively.

Keywords

silver nanoparticles; green synthesis; Conocarpus erectus

Full Text:

Full Text PDF

References

[1] Firdhouse, M.J., and Lalitha, P., 2012, Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the aqueous extract of Portulaca oleracea (L.), Asian J. Pharm. Clin. Res., 6 (1), 92–94.

[2] Gross, M., Winnacker, A., and Wellmann, P.J., 2007, Electrical, optical and morphological properties of nanoparticle indium–tin–oxide layers, Thin Solid Films, 515 (24), 8567–8572.

[3] Parak, W.J., Gerion, D., Pellegrino, T., Zanchet, D., Micheel, C., Williams, S.C., Boudreau, R., Le Gros, M.A., Larabell, C.A., and Alivisatos, A.P., 2003, Biological applications of colloidal nanocrystals, Nanotechnology, 14 (7), R15–R27.

[4] Ahmad, N., Alam, M.K., Singh, V.N., and Sharma, S., 2009, Bioprospecting AgNPs from wild Desmodium species, J. Bionanosci., 3 (2), 97–104.

[5] Ahmad, N., Sharma, S., Alam, M.K., Singh, V.N., Shamsi, S.F., Mehta, B.R., and Fatma, A., 2010, Rapid synthesis of silver nanoparticles using dried medicinal plant of basil, Colloids Surf., B, 81 (1), 81–86.

[6] Ankamwar, B., Chaudhary, M., and Sastry, M., 2005, Gold nanotriangles biologically synthesized using tamarind leaf extract and potential application in vapor sensing, Synth. React. Inorg. Met.-Org. Nano-Met. Chem., 35 (1), 19–26.

[7] Park, Y., Hong, Y.N., Weyers, A., Kim, Y.S., and Linhardt, R.J., 2011, Polysaccharides and phytochemicals: A natural reservoir for the green synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles, IET Nanobiotechnol., 5 (3), 69–78.

[8] Christensen, L., Vivekanandhan, S., Misra, M., and Mohanty, A.K., 2011, Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Murraya koenigii (curry leaf): An investigation on the effect of broth concentration in reduction mechanism and particle size, Adv. Mater. Lett., 2 (6), 429–434.

[9] Kowshik, M., Ashtaputre, S., Kharrazi, S., Vogel, W., Urban, J., Kulkarni, S.K., and Paknikar, K.M., 2002, Extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles by a silver-tolerant yeast strain MKY3, Nanotechnology, 14 (1), 95–100.

[10] Nabikhan, A., Kandasamy, K., Raj, A., and Alikunhi, N.M., 2010, Synthesis of antimicrobial silver nanoparticles by callus and leaf extracts from saltmarsh plant, Sesuvium portulacastrum L., Colloids Surf., B, 79 (2), 488–493.

[11] Majdalawieh, A., Kanan, M.C., El-Kadri, O., and Kanan, S.M., 2014, Recent advances in gold and silver nanoparticles: Synthesis and applications, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 14 (7), 4757–4780.

[12] Im, A.R., Han, L., Kim, E.R., Kim, J., Kim, Y.S., and Park, Y., 2012, Enhanced antibacterial activities of Leonuri herba extracts containing silver nanoparticles, Phytother. Res., 26 (8), 1249–1255.

[13] Caroling, G., Tiwari, S.K., Mercy Ranjitham, A., and Suja, R., 2013, Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous broccoli extract characterization and study of antimicrobial, cytotoxic effects, Asian J. Pharm. Clin. Res., 6 (4), 165–172.

[14] Morones, J.R., Elechiguerra, J.L., Camacho, A., Holt, K., Kouri, J.B., Ramírez, J.T., and Yacaman, M.J., 2005, The bactericidal effect of silver nanoparticles, Nanotechnology, 16 (10), 2346–2353.

[15] De Jong, W.H., and Borm, P.J.A., 2008, Drug delivery and nanoparticles: Application and hazards, Int. J. Nanomed., 3 (2), 133–149.

[16] Thorley, A.J., and Tetley, T.D., 2013, New perspectives in nanomedicine, Pharmacol. Ther., 140 (2), 176–185.

[17] Tolaymat, T.M., El Badawy, A.M., Genaidy, A., Scheckel, K.G., Luxton, T.P., and Suidan, M., 2010, An evidence-based environmental perspective of manufactured silver nanoparticle in syntheses and applications: A systematic review and critical appraisal of peer-reviewed scientific papers, Sci. Total Environ., 408 (5), 999–1006.

[18] Gardea-Torresdey, J.L., Gomez, E., Peralta-Videa, J.R., Parsons, J.G., Troiani, H., and Jose-Yacaman, M., 2003, Alfalfa sprouts, a natural source for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles, Langmuir, 19 (4), 1357–1361.

[19] Firdhouse, M.J., and Lalitha, P., Competence of different methods in the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles, 2014, J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 6 (6), 1089–1093.

[20] Prasad, T.N.V.K.V, and Elumalai, E.K., 2011, Biofabrication of Ag nanoparticles using Moringa oleifera leaf extract and their antimicrobial activity, Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed., 1 (6), 439–442.

[21] Ahmad, N., and Sharma, S., 2012, Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using extracts of Ananas comosus, Green Sustainable Chem., 2, 141–147.

[22] Park, Y., 2014, A new paradigm shift for the green synthesis of antibacterial silver nanoparticles utilizing plant extracts, Toxicol. Res., 30 (3), 169–178.

[23] Bailey, L.H., and Bailey, E.Z., 1976, Hortus Third: A Concise Dictionary of Plants Cultivated in the United States and Canada, New York, Macmillan Gen. Ref. New York, USA, Pp-1290.

[24] Abdel-Hameed, E.S.S., Bazaid, S.A., and Sabra, A.N.A., 2013, Extracts on CCl4-Induced Chronic Liver Injury in Mice, Global J. Pharmacol., 7, 52–60.

[25] Hussein, R.A., 2016, Evaluation antioxidant and antibacterial activities of n-Butanol fraction of Conocarpus erectus L. leaves extract, Int. J. Pharm. Med. Res., 4 (6), 394–400.

[26] Ahmed, K., Ahmed, N., Siddiqui, M.T., and Aziz, A.A., 2016, Green synthesis of silver nano particles by plant leaf extract, FUUAST J. Biol., 6(1), 61–64.

[27] Watzky, M.A., and Finke, R.G., 1997, Transition metal nanocluster formation kinetic and mechanistic studies. A new mechanism when hydrogen is the reductant: Slow, continuous nucleation and fast autocatalytic surface growth, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 119 (43), 10382–10400.

[28] Papp, S., Patakfalvi, R., and Dékány, I., 2007, Formation and stabilization of noble metal nanoparticles, Croat. Chem. Acta, 80 (3-4), 493–502.

[29] Píš, L., Májek, P., and Sádecká, J., 2011, Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy for differentiating between brandies and wine distillates, Acta Chim. Slov., 4 (1), 47–58.

[30] Xu, J., Han, X., Liu, H., and Hu, Y., 2006, Synthesis and optical properties of silver nanoparticles stabilized by gemini surfactant, Colloids Surf., A, 273 (1-3), 179–183.

[31] Kun, J., Pan, W., Liting, Y., Xuefei, Z., Wenjin, C., and Xiaobo L., 2015, Facile synthesis of luminescent silver nanoparticles and fluorescence interactions with blue-emitting polyarylene ether nitrile, J. Mater. Chem. C, 3 (15), 3522–3529.

[32] Gopinath, K., Gowri, S., and Arumugam, A., 2013, Phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Pterocarpus santalinus leaf extract and their antibacterial properties, J. Nanostruct. Chem., 3, 68.

[33] Antony, E., Sathiavelu, M., and Arunachalam, S., 2017, Synthesis of silver nanoparticles from the medicinal plant Bauhinia acuminata and Biophytum sensitivum–a comparative study of its biological activities with plant extract, Int. J. Appl. Pharm., 9 (1), 22–29.

[34] Ananthi, P., Jeyapaul, U., Anand, A.J.B., and Kala, S.M.J., 2016, Green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using Triumfetta rotundifolia plant extract and its antibacterial activities, J. Nat. Prod. Plant Resour., 6 (3) 21-27

[35] Guzmán, M.G., Dille, J., and Godet, S., 2009, Synthesis of silver nanoparticles by chemical reduction method and their antibacterial activity, Int. J. Chem. Biomol. Eng., 2 (3), 104–111.

[36] Li, W.R., Xie, X.B., Shi, Q.S., Zeng, H.Y., Ou-Yang, Y.S., Chen, Y. Ben, 2010, Antibacterial activity and mechanism of silver nanoparticles on Escherichia coli, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 85 (4), 1115–1122.

[37] Rawashdeh, R., and Haik, Y., 2009, Antibacterial Mechanisms of Metallic Nanoparticles, Dyn. Biochem. Process Biotechnol. Mol. Biol., 3, 12–20.

[38] Franci, G., Falanga, A., Galdiero, S., Palomba, L., Rai, M., Morelli, G., and Galdiero, M., 2015, Silver nanoparticles as potential antibacterial agents, Molecules, 20 (5), 8856-8874.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.26278