Preparation of Green-Emissive Zinc Oxide Composites Using Natural Betacyanin Pigment Isolated from Red Dragon Fruit

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.52351

Yehezkiel Steven Kurniawan(1), Hendrik Oktendy Lintang(2), Leny Yuliati(3*)

(1) Ma Chung Research Center for Photosynthetic Pigments, Universitas Ma Chung, Villa Puncak Tidar N-01, Malang 65151, East Java, Indonesia
(2) Ma Chung Research Center for Photosynthetic Pigments, Universitas Ma Chung, Villa Puncak Tidar N-01, Malang 65151, East Java, Indonesia
(3) Ma Chung Research Center for Photosynthetic Pigments, Universitas Ma Chung, Villa Puncak Tidar N-01, Malang 65151, East Java, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


In this work, we reported the synthesis of green-emissive composite materials of zinc oxide (ZnO) and isolated betacyanin pigment from red dragon fruit (RDF) extract utilizing organic linkers, i.e. (3-chloropropyl)trimethoxysilane (CPTMS) and (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APTMS). Betacyanin was extracted using a maceration technique, while CPTMS-ZnO and APTMS-ZnO were prepared by mixing ZnO and the respective organic linker in ethanol. The obtained ZnO/CPTMS and APTMS-ZnO composites were separately added into the RDF extract, followed by stirring at room temperature for 24 h. As high as 80 and 90% of betacyanin was successfully impregnated onto CPTMS-ZnO and APTMS-ZnO, respectively. A comparison study was made by preparing RDF-CPTMS and RDF-APTMS first and then introducing them onto ZnO. In this case, as high as 81 and 100% of betacyanin in RDF-CPTMS and RDF-APTMS, respectively, were impregnated onto ZnO. These results revealed that APTMS was a better organic linker than CPTMS and the order of the steps to introduce APTMS was important. The presence of betacyanin on the composite materials was confirmed by FTIR and fluorescence spectroscopy. All the composite materials had an excitation signal at 426–428 nm and emission signals at 459 and 517–518 nm, demonstrating their promising application as green-emissive materials.


Keywords


betacyanin; composite; green-emissive; red dragon fruit; ZnO

Full Text:

Full Text PDF


References

[1] Ramkumar, V., and Kannan, P., 2015, Novel heterocyclic based blue and green emissive materials for opto-electronics, Opt. Mater., 46, 314–323.

[2] Zhu, C., Liu, X., Ni, Y., Fang, J., Fang, L., Lu, C., and Xu, Z., 2017, Novel fluorescence adjustable photonic crystal materials, Opt. Mater., 73, 415–422.

[3] Böttner, S., Jorgensen, M.R., and Schmidt, O.G., 2016, Rolled-up nanotechnology: 3D photonic materials by design, Scr. Mater., 122, 119–124.

[4] Freitag, M., Teuscher, J., Saygili, Y., Zhang, X., Giordano, F., Liska, P., Hua, J., Zakeeruddin, S.M., Moser, J.E., Grätzel, M., and Hagfeldt, A., 2017, Dye-sensitized solar cells for efficient power generation under ambient lighting, Nat. Photonics, 11 (6), 372–378.

[5] Zheng, X., Li, D., Li, X., Chen, J., Cao, C., Fang, J., Wang, J., He, Y., and Zheng, Y., 2015, Construction of ZnO/TiO2 photonic crystal heterostructures for enhanced photocatalytic properties, Appl. Catal., B, 168-169, 408–415.

[6] Chen, Y., Bagnall, D., and Yao, T., 2000, ZnO as a novel photonic material for the UV region, Mater. Sci. Eng., B, 75 (2-3), 190–198.

[7] Lee, K.M., Lai, C.W., Ngai, K.S., and Juan, J.C., 2016, Recent developments of zinc oxide based photocatalyst in water treatment technology: A review, Water Res., 88, 428–448.

[8] Xu, L., Zhou, Y., Wu, Z., Zheng, G., He, J., and Zhou, Y., 2017, Improved photocatalytic activity of nanocrystalline ZnO by coupling with CuO, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 106, 29–36.

[9] Dhafina, W.A., Salleh, H., Daud, M.Z., and Ghazali, M.S.M., 2018, Low cost dye-sensitized solar cells based on zinc oxide and natural anthocyanin dye from Ardisia elliptica fruits, Optik, 172, 28–34.

[10] Vittal, R., and Ho, K.C., 2017, Zinc oxide based dye-sensitized solar cells: A review, Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev., 70, 920–935.

[11] Hassaan, M.A., and Nemr, A.E., 2017, Health and environmental impacts of dyes: Mini review, Am. J. Environ. Sci. Eng., 1 (3), 64–67.

[12] Liaotrakoon, W., De Clercq, N., Van Hoed, V., Van de Walle, D., Lewille, B., and Dewettinck, K., 2013, Impact of thermal treatment on physicochemical, antioxidative and rheological properties of white-flesh and red-flesh dragon fruit (Hylocereus spp.) purees, Food Bioprocess Technol., 6 (2), 416–430.

[13] Lee, K.H., Wu, T.Y., and Siow, L.F., 2013, Spray drying of red (Hylocereus polyrhizus) and white (Hylocereus undatus) dragon fruit juices: Physicochemical and antioxidant properties of the powder, Int. J. Food Sci. Technol., 48 (11), 2391–2399.

[14] Kim, H., Choi, H.K., Moon, J.Y., Kim, Y.S., Mosaddik, A., and Cho, S.K., 2011, Comparative antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of red and white pitayas and their correlation with flavonoid and polyphenol content, J. Food Sci., 76 (1), C38–45.

[15] Priatni, S., and Pradita, A., 2015, Stability study of betacyanin extract from red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peels, Procedia Chem., 16, 438–444.

[16] Nimpoeno, W.A., Lintang, H.O., and Yuliati, L., 2020, Methyl red dye-sensitized zinc oxide as photocatalyst for phenol degradation under visible light, AIP Conf. Proc., 2237, 020048.

[17] Kurniawan, Y.S., Adhiwibawa, M.A.S., Setiyono, E., Fahmi, M.R.G., and Lintang, H.O., 2019, Statistical analysis for evaluating natural yellow coloring agents from peel of local fruits in Malang: Mangosteen, honey pineapple and red dragon fruits, Indones. J. Nat. Pigm., 1 (2), 49–52.

[18] Stintzing, F.C., Schieber, A., and Carle, R., 2002, Betacyanins in fruits from red-purple pitaya, Hylocereus polyrhizus (Weber) Britton & Rose, Food Chem., 77 (1), 101–106.

[19] Calogero, G., Yum, J.H., Sinopoli, A., Marco, G.D., Grätzel, M., and Nazeeruddin, M.K., 2012, Anthocyanins and betalains as light-harvesting pigments for dye-sensitized solar cells, Sol. Energy, 86 (5), 1536–1575.

[20] Strack, D., Vogt, T., and Schliemman, W., 2003, Recent advances in betalain research, Phytochemistry, 62 (3), 247–269.

[21] Ayinde, W.B., Dare, E.O., Bada, D.A., Alayande, S.O., Oladoyindo, F.O., Idowu, M.A., Bolaji, B.O., Ezeh, M.I., and Osuji, R.U., 2017, Dye-modified ZnO nanohybrids: Optical properties of the potential solar cell nanocomposites, Int. Nano Lett., 7 (3), 171–179.

[22] Nunes, V.F., Souza, A.P.S., Lima, F., Oliveira, G., Freire, F.N., and Almeida, A.F., 2018, Effects of potential deposition on the parameters of ZnO dye-sensitized solar cells, Mat. Res., 21 (4), e20170990.

[23] Zhang, Q., Xu, M., You, B., Zhang, Q., Yuan, H., and Ostrikov, K., 2018, Oxygen vacancy-mediated ZnO nanoparticle photocatalyst for degradation of methylene blue, Appl. Sci., 8 (3), 353.

[24] Kurniawan, Y.S., Anggraeni, K., Indrawati, R., and Yuliati, L., 2019, Selective betalain impregnation from red amaranth extract onto titanium dioxide nanoparticles, AIP Conf. Proc., 2175, 020049.

[25] Purnomo, T.A.B., Kurniawan, Y.S., Kesuma, R.F., and Yuliati, L., 2020, Selection of maceration solvent for natural pigment extraction from red fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam), Indones. J. Nat. Pigm., 2 (1), 8–12.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.52351

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 2434 | views : 1852


Copyright (c) 2020 Indonesian Journal of Chemistry

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

 


Indonesian Journal of Chemistry (ISSN 1411-9420 /e-ISSN 2460-1578) - Chemistry Department, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia.

Web
Analytics View The Statistics of Indones. J. Chem.