Development of Voltammetry Analysis Method of Iron Metal Ions by Solid-State Membrane with Carbon Nanotube

Suyanta Suyanta; Sunarto Sunarto; Regina Tutik Padmaningrum; Karlinda Karlinda; Illyas Md Isa; Rahadian Zainul; Qonitah Fardiyah; Fredy Kurniawan

doi:10.22146/ijc.81771

Development of Voltammetry Analysis Method of Iron Metal Ions by Solid-State Membrane with Carbon Nanotube

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.81771

Suyanta Suyanta^(1*), Sunarto Sunarto⁽²⁾, Regina Tutik Padmaningrum⁽³⁾, Karlinda Karlinda⁽⁴⁾, Illyas Md Isa⁽⁵⁾, Rahadian Zainul⁽⁶⁾, Qonitah Fardiyah⁽⁷⁾, Fredy Kurniawan⁽⁸⁾

(1) Department of Chemistry Education, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Jl. Colombo No. 1, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
(2) Department of Chemistry Education, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Jl. Colombo No. 1, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
(3) Department of Chemistry Education, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Jl. Colombo No. 1, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
(4) Department of Chemistry Education, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Jl. Colombo No. 1, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
(5) Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim 35900, Malaysia
(6) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Padang, Jl. Prof. Dr. Hamka, Padang 25173, Indonesia
(7) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia
(8) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

This work developed a selectively modified electrode for measuring the Fe(II) ions in continuous integration using voltammetry techniques. The study assessed various aspects, such as linearity, scan rate, repeatability, and real sample analysis. The experiment is performed using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The findings of the study indicated that the voltammetry method exhibited a regression line of y = 36.507 ln(x) + 990.73, with a correlation value of 0.9627, with an optimum scan rate of 20 mV/s and good repeatability over five times measurement. On the other hand, when comparing the results using the UV-Vis spectrophotometric technique, the regression equation was found to be y = 0.20438x − 0.06987, with a correlation value of 0.99583. Notably, the voltammetry measurement outperformed the UV-Vis method since it allowed analysis of Fe(II) at concentrations up to 6.35 × 10⁻⁴ ppm (or 1.00 × 10⁻¹¹ M), while the UV-vis measurement could only analyze up to 1.5 ppm (or 2.36 × 10⁻⁵ M). Consequently, the developed technique proves to be superior to the other methods for the analysis of Fe(II).

Keywords

Fe(II) ion; nanotube carbon; solid-state membrane; spectrophotometry; voltammetry

Full Text:

Full Text PDF

References

[1] Rajoria, S., Vashishtha, M., and Sangal, V.K., 2023, Heavy metal ions in wastewater: A review on detection and toxicity, Chem. Eng. Process Tech., 8 (3), 1082.

[2] Kumar, V., Bharti, P.K., Talwar, M., Tyagi, A.K., and Kumar, P., 2017, Studies on high iron content in water resources of Moradabad district (UP) India, Water Science, 31 (1), 44–51.

[3] Samanta, S., Cloete, R., Loock, J., Rossouw, R., and Roychoudhury, A.N., 2021, Determination of trace metal (Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Co, Cd and Pb) concentrations in seawater using single quadrupole ICP-MS: A comparison between ofﬂine and online preconcentration setups, Minerals, 11 (11), 1289.

[4] Isa, I.M., Saidin, M.I., Ahmad, M., Hashim, N., Ghani, S.A., and Suyanta, S., 2013, Development of new copper(II) ion-selective poly(vinyl chloride) membrane electrode based on 2,6-diacetylpyridine-(1R)-(-)-fenchone diazine ligand, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 8 (9), 11175–11185.

[5] Ganjali, M.R., Norouzi, P., Shamsolahrari, L., and Ahmadi, A., 2006, PPb level monitoring of lanthanium by a novel PCV-membrane sensor based on 4-methyl-2-hydrazinobenzothiazole, Sens. Actuators, B, 114 (2), 713–719.

[6] March, G., Nguyen, T.D., and Piro, B., 2015, Modified electrodes used for electrochemical detection of metal ions in environmental analysis, Biosensors, 5 (2), 241–275.

[7] Salinas, G., and Frontana-Uribe, B.A., 2022, Electrochemical analysis of heavy metal ions using conducting polymer interfaces, Electrochem, 3 (3), 492–506.

[8] Putra, B.R., Darusman, L.K., and Rohaeti, E., 2013, Carbon paste electrode hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide modified natural zeolite for chromium(VI) detection, Indones. J. Chem., 13 (2), 122–128.

[9] Deswati, D., Suyani, H., Safni, S., Loekman, U., and Pardi, H., 2013, Simultaneous determination of cadmium, copper and lead in sea water by adsorptive stripping voltammetry in the presence of calcon as a complexing agent, Indones. J. Chem., 13 (3), 236–241.

[10] Thanh, N.M., Van Hop, N., Luyen, N.D., Phong, N.H., and Tam Toan, T.T., 2019, Simultaneous determination of Zn(II), Cd(II), Pb(II), and Cu(II) using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry at a bismuth film-modified electrode, Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2019, 1826148.

[11] Deswati, D., Suyani, H., and Safni, S., 2012, The method development of analysis Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in sea water by absorptive stripping voltammetry (ASV) in the presence of calcon as complexing agent, Indones. J. Chem., 12 (1), 20–27.

[12] Evtyugin, G.A., and Porfir’eva, A.V., 2021, Determination of organic compound in aqueous-organic and dispersed media using electrochemical method of analysis, J. Anal. Chem., 76 (10), 1131–1143.

[13] Madrakian, T., Haghshenas, E., and Afkhami, A., 2014, Simultaneous determination of tyrosine, acetaminophen and ascorbic acid using gold nanoparticles/multiwalled carbon nanotube/glassy carbon electrode by differential pulse voltammetric method, Sens. Actuators, B, 193, 451–460.

[14] Abd Azis, N., Isa, I.M., Hashim, N., Ahmad, M.S., Mohd Yazid, S.N.A., Saidin, M.I., Suyanta, S., Zainul, R., Ulianas, A., Mawardi, M., and Mukdasai, S., 2020, Synergistic effect of zinc/aluminium-layered double hydroxide-carbon nanotubes paste electrode in the electrochemical response of dopamine, acetaminophen, and bisphenol A, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 15 (9), 9088–9107.

[15] Skoog, D.A., Holler, F.J., and Crouch, S.R., 2017, Principles of Instrumental Analysis, 7^th Ed., Cengage Learning, Boston, US.

[16] Farahi, A., Lahrich, S., Achak, M., El Gaini, L., Bakasse, M., and El Mhammedi, M.A., 2014, Parameters affecting the determination of paraquat at silver rotating electrodes using differential pulse voltammetry, Anal. Chem. Res., 1, 16–21.

[17] Suyanta, S., Sunarto, S., Sari, L.P., Wardani, N.I., and Isa, I.M., 2014, Differential adsorptive stripping voltammetric determination of ultra trace lanthanum(III) based on carbon paste electrode modified with 3-methyl-2-hydrazinobenzothiazole, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 9 (12), 7763–7772.

[18] Mohadesi, A., Teimoori, E., Taher, M.A., and Beitollah, H., 2011, Adsorptive stripping voltammetric determination of cobalt(II) on the carbon paste electrode, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 6 (2), 301–308.

[19] Arancibia, V., Nagles, E., García-Beltrán, O., and Hurtado, J., 2018, Adsorptive stripping voltammetric determination of lead and cadmium in natural waters in the presence of rutin using a nafion–mercury coated film electrode, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 13 (9), 8711–8722.

[20] Wang, H.Y., Pan, M.L., Oliver Su, Y.L., Tsai, S.C., Kao, C.H., Sun, S.S., and Lin, W.Y., 2011, Comparison of differential pulse voltammetry (DPV)-A new method of carbamazepine analysis with fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA), J. Anal. Chem., 66 (4), 415–420.

[21] Khasanah, S.R.N., and Sunarto, S., 2018, Perbandingan validasi metode analisis ion besi secara spektrofotometri sinar tampak dengan pengompleks KSCN dan 1,10-ortofenantrolin, Jurnal Elemen Kimia, 7 (3), 105–115.

[22] Amayreh, M., and Hourani, M.K., 2019, Determination of iron in spinach using linear sweep voltammetry at iodine-coated platinum rotating disk electrode, J. AOAC Int., 102 (2), 666–668.

[23] Evan A., 1987, Potentiometry and Ion Selective Electrode, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester.

[24] Sandford, C., Edwards, M.A., Klunder, K.J., Hickey, D.P., Li, M., Barman, K., Sigman, M.S., White, H.S., and Minteer, S.D., 2019, A synthetic chemist's guide to electroanalytical tools for studying reaction mechanisms, Chem. Sci., 10 (26), 6404–6422.

[25] Yao, W.W., Peng, H.M., and Webster, R.D., 2008, Variable scan rate cyclic voltammetry and theoretical studies on tocopherol (Vitamin E) model compounds, J. Phys. Chem. B, 112 (22), 6847–6855.

[26] Suyanta, S., Sunarto, S., Padmaningrum, R.T., Karlinda, K., Isa, I.M., and Rahadian, R., 2021, Development of voltammetry analysis method of copper metal ions by solid-state membrane with carbon nanotube, Indones. J. Chem., 21 (2), 332–339.

[27] Silva, T.A., Wong, A., and Fatibello-Filho, O., 2020, Electrochemical sensor based on ionic liquid and carbon black for voltammetric determination of Allura red colorant at nanomolar levels in soft drink powders, Talanta, 209, 120588.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.81771