Dynamic of Death Anxiety in People with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

https://doi.org/10.22146/jpsi.71139

Mohammad Zarkasi(1), Ahmad Saifuddin(2*)

(1) Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Mas Said Surakarta
(2) Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Mas Said Surakarta
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a disease that many individuals suffer from. Some GERD patients even develop death anxiety due to their health condition. This qualitative study aimed to explain the dynamic of death anxiety in people with GERD and used a phenomenological approach. The informants were three adult men who had been diagnosed with GERD for more than six months. The stages of data analysis included horizontalization, textural description, structural description, and phenomenon description. Meanwhile, the data validity techniques used were member checking and time triangulation. The three respondents displayed death anxiety aspects proposed by previous studies. Findings revealed that GERD patients who experienced death anxiety also experienced hypochondria symptoms and future doubts. Participants further reported death anxiety was unrelated to age, life stability, and serious illness type.

Keywords


death anxiety; hypochondria; people with GERD

Full Text:

PDF


References

Abdollahi, A., Panahipour, H., Allen, K. A., & Hosseinian, S. (2019). Effects of death anxiety on perceived stress in individuals with multiple sclerosis and the role of self-transcendence. OMEGA--Journal of Death and Dying, 84(1), 91–102. https://doi.org/10.1177/0030222819880714

Ardelt, M. (2003). Effects of religion and purpose in life on elders’ subjective well-being and attitudes toward death. Journal of Religious Gerontology, 14(4), 55–77. https://doi.org/10.1300/J078v14n04_04

Arista, M., & Tjang, Y. S. (2017). Pengaruh stress terhadap kejadian sleep paralysis pada mahasiswa fakultas kedokteran. Jurnal Psikologi Pendidikan & Konseling, 3(2), 41–45. https://doi.org/10.26858/jpkk.v0i0.4166

Birt, L., Scott, S., Cavers, D., Campbell, C., & Walter, F. (2016). Member checking: a tool to enhance trustworthiness or merely a nod to validation? Qualitative Health Research, 26(13), 1802–1811. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732316654870

Cai, W., Tang, Y., Wu, S., & Li, H. (2017). Scale of Death Anxiety (SDA): development and validation. Frontiers in Psychology, 8(858), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00858

Choi, J., Gu, M., Oh, S., & Sok, S. (2022). Relationship between end-of-life care stress, death anxiety, and self-efficacy of clinical nurses in south korea. International Journal of Research Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(1082), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031082

Choi, J. M., Yang, J. I., Kang, S. J., Han, Y. M., Lee, J., Lee, C., … Kim, Y. S. (2018). Association between anxiety and depression and gastroesophageal reflux disease: Results from a large cross-sectional study. Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, 24(4), 593–602. https://doi.org/10.5056/jnm18069

Clarrett, D. M., & Hachem, C. (2018). Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). Missouri Medicine, 115(3), 214–218.

CNN. (2020). GERD tak sebabkan kematian. Retrieved November 21, 2021, from CNN Indonesia website: https://www.cnnindonesia.com/gaya-hidup/20200108121341-255-463438/gerd-tak-sebabkan-kematian

Collett, L.-J., & Lester, D. (1969). The fear of death and the fear of dying. The Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 72(2), 179–181. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1969.10543496

Denis, D., French, C. C., & Gregory, A. M. (2018). A systematic review of variables associated with sleep paralysis. Sleep Medicine Reviews Journal, 38(2018), 141–157. https://doi.org/j.smrv.2017.05.005

Ebrahimi, B., Hosseini, M., & Rashedi, V. (2018). The relationship between social support and death anxiety among the elderly. Elderly Health Journal, 4(2), 37–42.

Ermawati, & Sudarji, S. (2013). Kecemasan menghadapi kematian pada lanjut usia. Jurnal Psibernetika, 6(1), 28–38.

Fadli, R. (2020). Benarkah GERD bisa memicu kematian mendadak? Retrieved December 2, 2021, from halodoc.com website: https://www.halodoc.com/artikel/benarkah-gerd-bisa-memicu-kematian-mendadak

Farmawati, C., Ula, M., & Zaduqisti, E. (2019). Konseling sufistik untuk mengatasi kecemasan menghadapi kematian pada lansia. Esoterik, 5(1), 126–144. https://doi.org/10.21043/esoterik.v5i1.4826

Faruqui, A. A. (2017). Gastroesophageal reflux disease associated with anxiety: efficacy and safety of fixed dose combination of amitriptyline and pantoprazole. Gastroenterol Res, 10(5), 301–304. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.14740/gr898e

Freud, S. (2010). The interpretation of dreams (J. Strachey, Ed.). New York, USA: Basic Books.

Hamid, I., Priharninuk, D., & Zakaria, A. (2019). Fenomenologi kecemasan lansia menghadapi kematian dalam perspektif kebutuhan spiritual di desa podoroto kecamatan kesamben kabupaten jombang. EDUNursing, 3(2), 101–108.

Hamjah, A., Praptiwi, A., & Sari, E. A. (2019). Kecemasan kematian pada pasien stroke. Jurnal Keperawatan ’Aisyiyah, 6(1), 27–36.

Hidayat, K. (2013). Psikologi kematian: mengubah ketakutan menjadi optimisme. Bandung: Noura Books.

Ilyas, M., & Effendi, Z. (2019). Pengaruh terapi islami terhadap kecemasan lansia dalam menghadapi kematian. Al-Irsyad: Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling Islam, 1(1), 157–171.

Islami, F., Pourshams, A., Nasseri-Moghaddam, S., Khademi, H., Poutschi, H., Khoshnia, M., … Malekzadeh, R. (2014). Gastroesophageal reflux disease and overall and cause-specific mortality: a prospective study of 50000 individuals. Middle East Journal of Digestive Diseases, 6(2), 65–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5085(14)63119-X

Iverach, L., Menzies, R. G., & Menzies, R. E. (2014). Death anxiety and its role in psychopathology: Reviewing the status of a transdiagnostic construct. Clinical Psychology Review, 34, 580–593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2014.09.002

Jahani, M., Abadi, R. N. Q., & Hasani, J. (2020). Lived experience of children with heart disease and cancer about death anxiety: a phenomenological study. Journal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences, 9(3), 229–238. https://doi.org/10.22062/jqr.2020.91517

Jannah, N., Muliatie, Y. E., & Kholili, N. (2021). Preventive GERD dengan education stress management selama pandemi Covid-19 di Manukan Surabaya. Prosiding PKM-CSR, 4, 551–552.

Javadi, S. A. H. S., & Shafikhani, A. A. (2017). Anxiety and depression in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disorder. Electronic Physician, 9(8), 5107–5112. https://doi.org/10.19082/5107

Kaloeti, D. V. S., & Hartati, S. (2017). Subjective well-being dan kecemasan menghadapi kematian pada lansia. Jurnal Ecopsy, 4(3), 138–143. https://doi.org/10.20527/ecopsy.v4i3.4293

Kessing, B. F., Bredenoord, A. J., Saleh, C. M. G., & Smout, A. J. P. M. (2015). Effects of anxiety and depression in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 13(6), 1089–1095. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2014.11.034

Khalvati, M., Babakhanian, M., Khalvati, M., Nafei, A., Khalvati, M., & Ghafuri, R. (2021). Death anxiety in the elderly in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Salmand: Iranian Journal Of Ageing, 16(2), 152–171. https://doi.org/10.32598/sija.16.2.862.2

Krause, N. (2015). Trust in god, forgiveness by god, and death anxiety. OMEGA—Journal of Death and Dying, 72(1), 20–41. https://doi.org/10.1177/0030222815574697

Kurniasih, R., & Nurjanah, S. (2020). Hubungan dukungan keluarga dengan kecemasan akan kematian pada lansia. Jurnal Keperawatan Jiwa, 8(4), 391–400. https://doi.org/10.26714/jkj.8.4.2020.391-400

Lehto, R. H., & Stein, K. F. (2009). Death anxiety: an analysis of an evolving concept. Research and Theory for Nursing Practice: An International Journal, 23(1), 23–41. https://doi.org/10.1891/1541-6577.23.1.23

Lim, S. J., Ko, Y., Kim, C., & Lee, H. S. (2017). The death anxiety and depressive symptoms among poor older women in rural areas: The moderating effect of social support. Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing, 28(4), 440–449. https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2017.28.4.440

Maramis, R. L. (2015). Kebermaknaan hidup dan kecemasan dalam menghadapi kematian pada lansia di panti werdha Samarinda. Psikoborneo: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi, 3(4), 411–423. Retrieved from http://e-journals.unmul.ac.id/index.php/psikoneo/article/view/3881

Mardliyah, D. A. (2017). Terapi psikospiritual dalam kajian sufistik. Khazanah: Jurnal Studi Islam Dan Humaniora, 14(2), 234–244. https://doi.org/10.18592/khazanah.v15i2.1157

Maret-Ouda, J., Markar, S. R., & Lagergren, J. (2020). Gastroesophageal reflux disease: A review. JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association, 324(24), 2536–2547. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.21360

Missler, M., Stroebe, M., Geurtsen, L., Mastenbroek, M., Chmoun, S., & Van Der Houwen, K. (2012). Exploring death anxiety among elderly people: a literature review and empirical investigation. OMEGA—Journal of Death and Dying, 64(4), 357–379. https://doi.org/10.2190/om.64.4.e

Moustakas, C. (1994). Phenomenological research methods. Thousand Oaks, California, United States: Sage Publications.

Naftali, A. R., Ranimpi, Y. Y., & Anwar, M. A. (2017). Kesehatan spiritual dan kesiapan lansia dalam menghadapi kematian. Buletin Psikologi, 25(2), 124 – 135. https://doi.org/10.22146/buletinpsikologi.28992

Nashori, F. (2000). Tema-tema mimpi psiko-spiritual kyai. Psikologika : Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Penelitian Psikologi, 5(10), 17–31.

Nazira, Yurliani, R., Yusuf, E. A., & Nazriani, D. (2020). Hubungan antara mindfulness dengan kecemasan terhadap kematian pada lanjut usia. Psikologia: Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Penelitian Psikologi, 5(1), 55–61.

Neimeyer, R. A. (1997). Death anxiety research: the state of the art. OMEGA--Journal of Death and Dying, 36(2), 97–120. https://doi.org/10.2190/TY32-EE9J-YVQ8-RP31

Neimeyer, R. A., Wittkowski, J., & Moser, R. P. (2004). Psychological research on death attitudes: an overview and evaluation. Death Studies, 28(4), 309–340. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481180490432324

Nelson-Jones, R. (2014). Theory and practice of counselling and psychotherapy (4th Ed). Thousand Oaks, California, United States: SAGE Publications Ltd.

Nia, H. S., Ebadi, A., Lehto, R. H., & Peyrovi, H. (2015). The experience of death anxiety in Iranian war veterans: a phenomenology study. Death Studies, 39((1-5)), 281–287. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2014.991956

Niebroj, L. T. (2006). Defining health/illness: Societal and/or clinical medicine? Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 57(Suppl 4), 251–262.

Ningrum, T. P., Okatiranti, & Nurhayati, S. (2018). Gambaran tingkat kecemasan tentang kematian pada lansia di BPSTW Ciparay kabupaten Bandung. Jurnal Keperawatan, 6(2), 142–149.

Niven, N. (2013). Psikologi kesehatan: pengantar untuk perawat dan profesional kesehatan lain. Yogyakarta: EGC Penerbit Buku Kedokteran.

Olunu, E., Kimo, R., Onigbinde, E. O., Akpanobong, M. U., Enang, I. E., Osanakpo, M., … Fakoya, A. O. J. (2018). Sleep paralysis, a medical condition with a diverse cultural interpretation. International Journal of Applied & Basic Medical Research, 8(3), 137–142. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijabmr.IJABMR_19_18

On, Z. X., Grant, J., Shi, Z., Taylor, A. W., Wittert, G. A., Tully, P. J., … Martin, S. (2017). The association between gastroesophageal reflux disease with sleep quality, depression, and anxiety in a cohort study of Australian men. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (Australia), 32(6), 1170–1177. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgh.13650

Pan, J., Cen, L., Chen, W., Yu, C., Li, Y., & Shen, Z. (2018). Alcohol consumption and the risk of gastroesophageal reflux disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Alcohol And Alcoholism, 54(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agy063

Patala, R., Tandi, J., Ulzmi, N., & Fahruddin, F. (2021). Rasionalitas penggunanaan obat pada pasien GERD di instalasi rawat inap Rumah Sakit Umum Anutapura Palu. JPSCR: Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Clinical Research, 6(1), 62–73. https://doi.org/10.20961/jpscr.v6i1.43170

Permana, K. R. (2018). GERD. Retrieved March 8, 2022, from alomedika.com website: https://www.alomedika.com/penyakit/gastroentero-hepatologi/gerd/epidemiologi

Qutoshi, S. B. (2018). Phenomenology: a philosophy and method of inquiry. Journal of Education and Educational Development Discussion, 5(1), 215–222.

Radjamin, I. P. S., Nusi, I. A., & Kalanjati, V. P. (2019). Profil penderita gastro esophageal reflux disease (GERD) dan non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) di RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. Majalah Biomorfologi, 29(1), 13–18.

Rnic, K., Dozois, D. J. A., & Martin, R. A. (2016). Cognitive distortions, humor styles, and depression. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 12(3), 348–362. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v12i3.1118

Scarella, T. M., Laferton, J. A. C., Ahern, D. K., Fallon, B. A., & Barsky, A. (2015). The relationship of hypochondriasis to anxiety, depressive, and somatoform disorders. Psychosomatics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psym.2015.10.006

Schaie, K. W., & Willis, S. L. (2001). Adult development and aging (5th Ed). London, United Kingdom: Pearson.

Seidlein, A.-H., & Salloch, S. (2019). Illness and disease: an empirical-ethical viewpoint. BMC Medical Ethics, 20(5), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12910-018-0341-y

Shanmugapriya, S., Saravanan, A., Shuruthi, S., Dharsini, J. S., & Saravanan, T. (2021). Association of gastroesophageal reflux disease with anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders. Journal of Medical Science, 41(1), 9–16. https://doi.org/10.4103/jmedsci.jmedsci_51_20

Sharma, P., Asthana, H. S., Gambhir, I. S., & Ranjan, J. K. (2019). Death anxiety among elderly people: role of gender, spirituality and mental health. Indian Journal of Gerontology, 33(3), 240–254.

Smet, B. (1994). Psikologi Kesehatan. Jakarta: Gramedia Widiasarana Indonesia.

Tarigan, R., & Pratomo, B. (2019). Analisis faktor risiko gastroesofageal refluks di RSUD Saiful Anwar Malang. Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia, 6(2), 78–81. https://doi.org/10.7454/jpdi.v6i2.306

Templer, D. I., Awadalla, A., Al-Fayez, G., Frazee, J., Bassman, L., Connelly, H. J., … Abdel-Khalek, A. (2006). Construction of a death anxiety scale-extended. OMEGA—Journal of Death and Dying, 53(3), 209–226. https://doi.org/10.2190/BQFP-9ULN-NULY-4JDR

Thorson, J. A., & Powell, F. C. (1988). Elements of death anxiety and meanings of death. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 44(5), 691–701. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4679(198809)44:5<691::aid-jclp2270440505>3.0.co;2-d

Thorson, J. A., & Powell, F. C. (1992). A revised death anxiety scale James. Death Studies, 16(6), 507–521. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481189208252595

Wang, R., Wang, J., & Hu, S. (2021). Study on the relationship of depression, anxiety, lifestyle and eating habits with the severity of reflux esophagitis. BMC Gastroenterol, 21(127), 1–10.

Yang, X. J., Jiang, H. M., Hou, X. H., & Song, J. (2015). Anxiety and depression in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease and their effect on quality of life. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 21(14), 4302–4309. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v21.i14.4302

Yüksel, M. Y., Güneş, F., & Akdağ, C. (2017). Investigation of the death anxiety and meaning in life levels among middle-aged adults. Spiritual Psychology and Counseling, 2(2), 165–181. https://doi.org/10.12738/spc.2017.2.0024

Yuminah. (2018). Konsep mimpi dalam perspektif psikologi Islam: Studi komparasi psikologi Islam dan psikologi Barat. Jurnal Psikologi Islam, 5(2), 87—102.

Zahirah, A., Herlina, H., & Wulandari, A. (2021). Kecemasan terhadap kematian: peran perilaku prososial dan kebersyukuran pada lanjut usia. Psympathic : Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi, 7(2), 237–248. https://doi.org/10.15575/psy.v7i2.5671

Zhang, J., Peng, J., Gao, P., Huang, H., Cao, Y., Zheng, L., & Miao, D. (2019). Relationship between meaning in life and death anxiety in the elderly: self-esteem as a mediator. BMC Geriatrics, 19(308), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-019-1316-7

Zhou, S., Hua, L. W. W., He, X., & Chen, J. (2022). A qualitative study of phenomenology of perspectives of student nurses: experience of death in clinical practice. BMC Nursing, 21(74), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-022-00846-w



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jpsi.71139

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 3855 | views : 2580

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Copyright (c) 2022 Jurnal Psikologi

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Published by Faculty of Psychology Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia Building D-6th Floor No. D-606. Jl. Sosio Humaniora No. 1, Bulaksumur Yogyakarta, 55281
Email: jurnalpsikologi@ugm.ac.id
Phone/whatsApp: +6289527548628

Web
Analytics Made Easy - StatCounter View My Stats