Prevalence and Predictors of Cyberbullying in Middle and High School Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic

https://doi.org/10.22146/jpsi.76494

Ihsana Sabriani Borualogo(1*), Hedi Wahyudi(2), Sulisworo Kusdiyati(3)

(1) Universitas Islam Bandung
(2) Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Islam Bandung
(3) Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Islam Bandung
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Schools were closed during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the learning process has changed dramatically. Students spent countless hours online for learning and leisure activities and risked themselves by engaging in cyberbullying. This study aims are twofold: (1) to investigate the prevalence of cyberbullying perpetration and victimization during the COVID-19 pandemic, and (2) to investigate predictors of cyberbullying perpetration and victimization. A cross-sectional survey method was used in this study. This study used three questionnaires named Cyberbullying Perpetration and Victimization, Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire Short Form (PIUQ-SF-6), and Cyberbullying Attitudes Measure. Participants are middle and high school students (N = 3,752; 52.4% were girls, 81.6% were middle school students). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate linear regression. Results showed that more students engaged in cyberbullying victimization than perpetration. Boys were more likely to engage in cyberbullying perpetration. Girls were more likely to engage in cyberbullying victimization. The most prevalent cyberbullying perpetration and victimization were posted mean or hurtful comments online. PIU, particularly more time spent online, harms both perpetrators and victims, as many as 3.4% for perpetrators and 4.5% for victims. Having fun teasing others online and feeling good attacking others online made the highest contributions to engaging in cyberbullying perpetration, as many as 10.9% and 10.1%, respectively. Do not accept harming others online and do not feel-good attacking others online, protecting the individuals from being cyberbullied as many as 4.2%. The attitude that school rules will be ineffective at stopping cyberbullying made the highest contribution to being cyberbullied, as many as 4.2%.

Keywords


school; students; cyberbullying; prevalence; predictors

Full Text:

PDF


References

Alheneidi, H., AlSumait, L., AlSumait, D., & Smith, A. P. (2021). Loneliness and problematic internet use during COVID-19 lock-down. Behavioral Sciences, 11(1), 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs11010005

Barlett, C. P. (2015). Predicting adolescent’s cyberbullying behavior : A longitudinal risk analysis. Journal of Adolescence, 41, 86-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.02.006

Barlett, C. P., Helmstetter, K., & Gentile, D. A. (2016). The development of a new cyberbullying attitude measure. Computers in Human Behavior, 64, 906-913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.08.013

Barlett, C. P., Gentile, D. A., Dongdong, L., & Khoo, A. (2019). Predicting cyberbullying behavior from attutides : A 3-year longitudinal cross-lagged analysis of Singaporean youth. Journal of Media Psychology, 31(2), 81-91. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000231

Barlett, C. P., Simmers, M. M., Roth, B., & Gentile, D. (2021a). Comparing cyberbullying prevalence and process before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Journal of Social Psychology, 161(4), 408-418. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2021.1918619

Barlett, C. P., Seyfert, L. W., Simmers, M. M., Chen, V. H. H., Cavalcanti, J. G., Krahé, B., Suzuki, K., Warburton, W. A., Wong, R. Y. M., Pimentel, C. E., & Skowronski, M. (2021b). Cross-cultural similarities and differences in the theoretical predictors of cyberbullying perpetration : Results from a seven country study. Aggressive Behavior, 47(1), 111-119. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21923

Borualogo, I. S., & Casas, F. (2021). Children’s and adolescents’ reports on their quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psikohumaniora Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi, 6(2), 153-170. https://doi.org/10.21580/pjpp.v6i2.8572

Borualogo, I. S., & Casas, F. (2022a). Sibling bullying, school bullying, and children’s subjective well-being before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia [Manuscript in review]. Faculty of Psychology Universitas Islam Bandung, Indonesia ; Research Institute on Quality of Life Universitat de Girona, Spain.

Borualogo, I. S., & Casas, F. (2022b). Subjective well-being of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia : Two data collections. Current Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-03346-x

Borualogo, I. S., Gumilang, E., Mubarak, A., Khasanah, A. N., Wardati, M. A., Diantina, F. P., Permataputri, I., & Casas, F. (2019). Process of translation of the Children’s Worlds Subjective Well-Being Scale in Indonesia. Proceedings of the Social and Humaniora Research Symposium (SoRes 2018) - Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 307, 180–183. https://doi.org/10.2991/sores-18.2019.42

Borualogo, I. S., Wahyudi, H., & Kusdiyati, S. (2022). Translation and adaptation of cyberbullying victimization and perpetration scales for Indonesian contexts. Social and Humaniora Research Symposium (SoRes 2022). Atlantis Press

Brighi, A., Menin, D., Skrzypiec, G., & Guarini, A. (2019). Young, bullying, and connected : Common pathways to cyberbullying and problematic internet use in adolescence. Frontiers in Psychology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01467

Brochado, S., Soares, S., & Fraga, S. (2016). A scoping review on studies of cyberbullying prevalence among adolescents. Trauma, Violence & Abuse, 18(5), 523-531. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838016641668

Camerini, A. L., Marciano, L., Carrara, A., & Schulz, P. J. (2020). Cyberbullying perpetration and victimization among children and adolescents : A systematic review of longitudinal studies. Telematics and Informatics, 49, 101362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2020.101362

Chun, J., Lee, J., Kim, J., & Lee, S. (2020). An international systematic review of cyberbullying measurements. Computers in Human Behavior, 112, 106485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cnb.2020.106485

Demetrovics, Z., Király, O., Koronczai, B., Griffiths, M. D., Nagygyörgy, K., Elekes, Z., Tamás, D., Kun, B., Kökönyei, G., & Urbán, R. (2016). Psychometric properties of the Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire Short-Form (PIU-SF-6) in a nationally representative sample of adolescents. PLoS ONE, 11(8), e0159409. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0159409

Doane, A. N., Pearson, M. R., & Kelley, M. L. (2014). Predictors of cyberbullying perpetration among college students : An application of the theory of reasoned action. Computers in Human Behavior, 36, 154-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.03.051

Feijóo, S., Foody, M., Norman, J. O., Pichel, R., & Rial, A. (2021). Cyberbullies, the cyberbullied, and problematic internet use : Some reasonable similarities. Psicothema, 33(2), 198-205. https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2020.209

Geng, J., Wang, Y., Wang, P., Zeng, P., & Lei, L. (2021). Gender differences between cyberbullying victimization and meaning in life : Roles of fatalism and self-concept clarity. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605211028285

Handono, S. G., Laeheem, K., & Sittichai, R. (2019). Factors related with cyberbullying among the youth of Jakarta, Indonesia. Children and Youth Services Review, 99, 235-239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.02.012

Kowalski, R. M., Limber, S. P., & McCord, A. (2019). A developmental approach to cyberbullying : Prevalence and protective factors. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 45, 20-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2018.02.009

Liu, C., Liu, Z., & Yuan, G. (2020). Cyberbullying victimization and problematic internet use among Chinese adolescents : Longitudinal mediation through mindfulness and depression. Journal of Health Psychology, 26(14), 2822-2831. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105320934158

Mashabi, S., & Galih, B. (2020, November 28). UNICEF : Risiko cyber bullying semakin besar di masa pandemi Covid-19. Kompas.com. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2020/11/28/12045141/unicef-risiko-cyber-bullying-semakin-besar-di-masa-pandemi-covid-19

Méndez, I., Jorquera, A. B., Esteban, C. R., & García-Fernández, J. M. (2020). Profiles of problematic internet use in bullying and cyberbullying among adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(19), 7041. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197041

Olenik-Shemesh, D., Heiman, T., & Eden, S. (2012). Cyberbullying victimisation in adolescence : Relationships with loneliness and depressive mood. Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties, 17(3-4), 361-374. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632752.2012.704227

Patchin, J. W. (2021, September 29). Bullying during the COVID-19 pandemic. Cyberbullying Research Center. https://cyberbullying.org/bullying-during-the-covid-19-pandemic

Patchin, J. W., & Hinduja, S. (2015). Measuring cyberbullying : Implication for research. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 23, 69-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2015.05.013

Ramadhanty, R. (2021, June 25). Nadiem sebut pandemi picu meningkatnya cyber bullying di kalangan anak. Dream.co.id. https://www.dream.co.id/news/nadiem-sebut-pandemi-picu-meningkatnya-cyber-bullying-di-kalangan-anak-2106251.html

Reginasari, A., Afiatin, T., & Akhtar, H. (2021). The role of self-esteem and perceived parental mediation in cyberbullying. Jurnal Psikologi, 48(2), 46-55. https://doi.org/10.22146/jpsi.39034

Sivabalan, T. V., Zaki, R. A., & Yuen, C. W. (2020). The prevalence of cyberbullying and its associated factors among young adolescents in Penang, Malaysia. Journal of the University of Malaya Medical Centre, 23(1), 202-211. http://mjs.um.edu.my/index.php/jummec/article/view/25856

Varela, J. J., Hernández, C., Miranda, R., Barlett, C. P., & Rodriguez-Rivas, M. E. (2022). Victims of cyberbullying : Feeling loneliness and depression among youth and adults Chileans during the pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(10), 5886. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19106886

Wang, P., Wang, X., & Lei, L. (2021). Gender differences between student-student relationship and cyberbullying perpetration : An evolutionary perspective. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36 (19-20), 9187-9207. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260519865970

WHO. (2020, 11 March). WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 – 11 March 2020. https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020

Yudes, C., Rey, L., & Extremera, N. (2020). Predictive factors of cyberbullying perpetration amongst Spanish adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(11), 3967. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113967

Yudes, C., Rey, L., & Extremera, N. (2021). The moderating effect of emotional intelligence on problematic internet use and cyberbullying perpetration among adolescents : Gender differences. Psychological Reports. https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941211031792

Zsila, A., Urbán, R., Griffiths, M. D., & Demetrovics. (2019). Gender differences in the association between cyberbullying victimization and perpetration : The role of anger rumination and traditional bullying experiences. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 17, 1252-1267. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-018-9893-9



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jpsi.76494

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 4598 | views : 2420

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2023 Jurnal Psikologi

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

 

Recent Issues

Buku 1 Buku 1 Buku 1 Buku 1 
Vol 51 Issue 1 (2024)
Page 1-119		 Vol 50 Issue 3 (2023)
Page 219-332		 Vol 50 Issue 2 (2023)
Page 125-218		 Vol 50 Issue 1 (2023)
Page 1-124		 

 

 

Published by Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia Building D-6th, Floor No. D-606. Jl. Sosio Humaniora No. 1, Bulaksumur Yogyakarta, 55281
Email: jurnalpsikologi@ugm.ac.id
Phone/whatsApp: +6281125210175

Web Analytics Made Easy - StatCounter View My Stats