Media Framing of Disasters and Its Implications for Tourism Industry Policy: Case of Surabaya terrorist attack 2018 and Mt. Agung eruption 2017, Indonesia

https://doi.org/10.22146/jh.75254

Erda Rindrasih(1*)

(1) Department of Management and Public Policy, Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Tourist destinations worldwide are periodically jeopardised by natural disaster events that threaten tourists’ safety; consequently, the tourism industry is impacted. Mass media has a role to communicate and warn the public about disaster. Media portrayal on disaster events is likely to contribute to the tourism industry recovery and resilience. However, media has played a role in sending a negative message to tourists, making them hesitate to visit the destination. Limited researches have focused on how the media frames disaster events, and how policy makers could intervene. Based on analysis of media coverage of the Surabaya terrorist attack in 2018 and Mt. Agung eruption in 2017, this paper looked at how media framed disaster events and its consequences to the tourism industry policy. A content analysis of mass media from both national and international newspapers of Australia, Malaysia, and Singapore were conducted. The research identified five different framings on the two disasters, including source of problems, impact, solution, responsibility, and adaptive versus maladaptive. Findings also highlights the limited policy response towards these potentially negative media portrayal. Based on these findings, partnership between media and the government should be fostered to encourage post-disaster recovery.

Full Text:

PDF


References

Avraham, E. (2017). Changing the conversation: How developing countries handle the international media during disasters, conflicts, and tourism crises. Journal of Information Policy, 7(1), 275-296.

Blaikie, P., Cannon, T., Davis, I., & Wisner, B. (2004). At risk: Natural hazards, people’s vulnerability and disasters. Routledge.

Cacciatore, M. A., Scheufele, D. A., & Iyengar, S. (2016). The end of framing as we know it … and the future of media effects. Mass Communication and Society, 19, 7–23. doi:10.1080/15205436.2015.1068811

George, R. (2017). Responsible tourism as a strategic marketing tool for improving the negative image of South Africa. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes.

Gortner, E., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2003). The archival anatomy of a disaster: Media coverage and community-wide health effects of the texas A&M bonfire tragedy. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 22(5), 580-603.

Hall, C. M., Timothy, D. J., & Duval, D. T. (2012). Safety and security in tourism: relationships, management, and marketing. Routledge.

Kozak, M., Crotts, J. C., & Law, R. (2007). The impact of the perception of risk on international travellers. International Journal of Tourism Research, 9(4), 233-242.

Kuttschreuter, M., Gutteling, J. M., & de Hond, M. (2011). Framing and tone-of-voice of disaster media coverage: The aftermath of the enschede fireworks disaster in the netherlands. Health, Risk & Society, 13(3), 201-220.

Matthes, J. (2009). What’s in a frame? A content analysis of media framing studies in the world’s leading communication journals, 1990-2005. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 86, 349–367. doi:10.1177/ 107769900908600206

Miles, B., & Morse, S. (2007). The role of news media in natural disaster risk and recovery. Ecological Economics, 63(2-3), 365-373. Newhall, Christopher G.; Self, Stephen (20 February 1982). “The Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI): An Estimate of Explosive Magnitude for Historical Volcanism”. Journal of Geophysical Research. 87 (C2): 1232. doi:10.1029/JC087iC02p01231.

Norris, F. H., Stevens, S. P., Pfefferbaum, B., Wyche, K. F., & Pfefferbaum, R. L. (2008). Community resilience as
a metaphor, theory, set of capacities, and strategy for disaster readiness. American Journal of Community Psychology, 41(1-2), 127-150.

Rindrasih, E. (2019). Life after tsunami: the transformation of a post-tsunami and post-conflict tourist destination; the case of halal tourism, Aceh, Indonesia. International Development Planning Review, 41(4), 517-541.

Rindrasih, E., Hartmann, T., Witte, P., Spit, T., & Zoomers, A. (2018). Travelling without a helmet: tourists’ vulnerabilities and responses to disasters in Indonesia. Disasters, 42(4), 782-803.

Rindrasih, E., Witte, P. A., Spit, T. J. M., & Zoomers, E. B. (2019). Tourism and disasters: Impact of disaster
events on tourism development in Indonesia 1998–2016 and structural approach policy responses. Journal of Service Science and Management, 12, 93-115.

Rindrasih, E., & Witte, P. (2021). Reinventing the postdisaster cultural landscape of heritage tourism
in Kotagede, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 16(2), 136-150.


Rindrasih, E. (2018). Tourist’s perceived risk and image of the destinations prone to natural disasters: The
case of Bali and Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Humaniora, 30(2), 192-203.

Ritchie, B. W. (2004). Chaos, crises and disasters: A strategic approach to crisis management in the tourism
industry. Tourism Management, 25(6), 669-683.

Ritchie, B. W. (2009). Crisis and disaster management for tourism. Channel View Publications. Bristol. Statista. (2022). Natural Disaster in Indonesia. Retrieved from Indonesia: risk index for natural disasters 2022 | Statista. At 30 October 2022.


Smith, K. (2013). Environmental hazards: Assessing risk and reducing disaster. Routledge.

Subarsono.AG. (2022). Analisis Kebijakan Publik. Konsep, Teori dan Aplikasi. Pustaka Pelajar. Yogyakarta

Tierney, K., Bevc, C., & Kuligowski, E. (2006). Metaphors matter: Disaster myths, media frames, and their
consequences in Hurricane Katrina. The annals of the American academy of political and social science, 604(1), 57-81.

Tzanelli, R. (2013). Heritage in the digital era: Cinematic tourism and the activist cause. London: Routledge.

van Gorp, B. (2007). The constructionist approach to framing: Bringing culture back in. Journal of Communication, 57, 60–78. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00329.

Wallis, P., & Nerlich, B. (2005). Disease metaphors in new epidemics: The UK media framing of the 2003 SARS epidemic. Social Science & Medicine, 60(11), 2629-2639.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jh.75254

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 1631 | views : 1278

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Copyright (c) 2022 Humaniora

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.