Fruit Quality Evaluation in The Maturation Process of Blueberries Using Image Processing

https://doi.org/10.22146/ifnp.63897

Aryanis Mutia Zahra(1*), Tadashi Chosa(2), Seishu Tojo(3)

(1) Universitas Gadjah Mada
(2) Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
(3) Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Blueberries' quality does not change uniformly during ripeness. Blueberries should be harvested fully ripened at the post-climacteric stage with an excellent indicator including consistent color, taste, and ease of removal from plant as excellent indicators. Therefore, the blueberries are not harvested until it has the desired blue color. The reliance on human perception on the fruit's taste and appearance might cause inconsistency and inaccurate judgment of the fruit maturation. This study aimed to develop an image processing algorithm capable of classifying blueberry maturity stages. The Bluecrop Northern highbush blueberry was harvested at five different stages of maturity based on visual grading of the fruit color (green, green-red, red, red-blue, and blue) from various fruit positions on the tree. Image processing with discriminant analysis accurately classified maturity stages at 98.3% accuracy. The image quality attributes of blueberries changed significantly at different maturity stages. Overall, most image quality attributes correlated strongly with well-performed blueberry physicochemical properties. This study showed that image processing during the blueberry maturation process could be a reliable and comprehensible method for estimating changes in color, shape, weight, and ultimately changes in specific physicochemical properties. This study also provided a practical evaluation of the maturity stages and physicochemical properties, which were predicted using image processing.


Keywords


blueberries; discriminant; image processing; maturity stages; visual evaluation

Full Text:

PDF


References

Arena, M. E., Zuleta, A., Dyner, L., Constenla, D., Ceci, L., and Curvetto, N. 2013. Berberis buxifolia fruit growth and ripening: Evolution in carbohydrate and organic acid contents. Scientia Horticulturae. 158:52–58.

Bett-Garber, K. L., Lea, J. M., Watson, M. A., Grimm, C. C., Lloyd, S. W., Beaulieu, J. C., Stein-Chisholm, R. E., Andrzejewski, B. P., and Marshall, D. A. 2015. Flavor of Fresh Blueberry Juice and the Comparison to Amount of Sugars, Acids, Anthocyanidins, and Physicochemical Measurements. Journal of Food Science. 80(4):818–827.

Catrin, T., and Sadler, G. D. 2019. pH and Titratable Acidity. In "Food analysis". ed. S. S. Nielsen, pp. 389–406). Food Science Text Series, Springer, Cham, Switzerland.

Eichholz, I., Huyskens-Keil, S., and Rohn, S. 2015. Blueberry Phenolic Compounds: Fruit Maturation, Ripening and Post-Harvest Effects. In "Fruit Maturation, Ripening and Post-Harvest Effects". ed. V. Preedy, pp. 173–180. Processing and Impact on Active Components in Food, Elsevier Science Publisher, Essex, England.

Everitt, B. S., and Landau, S. 2004. "A Handbook of Statistical Analyses using SPSS". CRC Press, London, England.

Ferreira, V., Fernandes, F., Carrasco, D., Hernandez, M. G., Pinto-Carnide, O., Arroyo-García, R., Andrade, P., Valentão, P., Falco, V., and Castro, I. 2017. Spontaneous variation regarding grape berry skin color: A comprehensive study of berry development by means of biochemical and molecular markers. Food Research International. 97:149–161.

Gerbrandt, E. M., Bors, R. H., Meyer, D., Wilen, R., and Chibbar, R. N. 2020. Fruit quality of Japanese, Kuril and Russian blue honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L.) germplasm compared to blueberry, raspberry and strawberry. Euphytica. 216(4):59.

Godoy, C. A., Monterubbianesi, G., Sanchez, E., and Tognetti, J. A. 2018. Cluster illumination differentially affects growth of fruits along their ontogeny in highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). Scientia Horticulturae. 230(8):1–10.

Guofang, X., Xiaoyan, X., Xiaoli, Z., Yongling, L., Zhibing, 2019. Changes in phenolic profiles and antioxidant activity in rabbiteye blueberries during ripening. Int. J. Food Prop. 22 (1):320–329.

Hwang, H., Kim, Y.-J., and Shin, Y. 2020. Assessment of Physicochemical Quality, Antioxidant Content and Activity, and Inhibition of Cholinesterase between Unripe and Ripe Blueberry Fruit. Foods. 9(690):1–12.

Khoo, H. E., Azlan, A., Tang, S. T., and Lim, S. M. 2017. Anthocyanidins and anthocyanins: Colored pigments as food, pharmaceutical ingredients, and the potential health benefits. Food and Nutrition Research. 61(1):1–21.

Lee, J., Durst, R. W., and Wrolstad, R. E. 2005. Determination of total monomeric anthocyanin pigment content of fruit juices, beverages, natural colorants, and wines by the pH differential method: Collaborative study. Journal of AOAC International. 88(5):1269–1278.

Lin, Y., Huang, G., Zhang, Q., Wang, Y., Dia, V. P., and Meng, X. 2020. Ripening affects the physicochemical properties, phytochemicals and antioxidant capacities of two blueberry cultivars. Postharvest Biology and Technology. 162(12):1–8.

Lobos, G. A., Callow, P., and Hancock, J. F. 2014. The effect of delaying harvest date on fruit quality and storage of late highbush blueberry cultivars (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). Postharvest Biology and Technology. 87:133–139.

Mallik, A. U., and Hamilton, J. 2017. Harvest date and storage effect on fruit size, phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of wild blueberries of NW Ontario, Canada. Journal of Food Science and Technology. 54(6):1545–1554.

Moggia, C., González, C., Lobos, G. A., Bravo, C., Valdés, M., Lara, I., and Graell, J. 2018. Changes in quality and maturity of ‘Duke’ and ‘Brigitta’ blueberries during fruit development: Postharvest implications. Acta Horticulturae. 1194(5):1495–1501.

Nunes, M. C. do N. 2015. Correlations between subjective quality and physicochemical attributes of fresh fruits and vegetables. Postharvest Biology and Technology. 107:43–54.

Raut, K., and Bora, V. 2016. Assessment of Fruit Maturity using Digital Image Processing. International Journal of Science Technology and Engineering. 3(1):273–279.

Retamales, J. B., Montecino, J. M., Lobos, G. A., and Rojas, L. A. 2008. Colored shading nets increase yields and profitability of highbush blueberries. Acta Horticulturae. 770(6):193–197.

Simbolon, Z. K., Syakry, S. A., Mulyadi, and Syahroni, M. 2019. Separation of the Mature Level of Papaya Callina Fruit Automatically Based on Color (RGB) uses Digital Image Processing. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 536(1):1–8.

Somkuwar, R. G., Naik, S., Sharma, A. K., Bhange, M. A., and Sharma, S. 2020. Bunch Load Changes Berry Quality, Yield and Raisin Recovery in Thompson Seedless Grapes. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 9(4):1383–1389.

Spinardi, A., Cola, G., Gardana, C. S., and Mignani, I. 2019. Variation of Anthocyanin Content and Profile Throughout Fruit Development and Ripening of Highbush Blueberry Cultivars Grown at Two Different Altitudes. Frontiers in Plant Science. 10(9):1–14.

Vergara, A. E., Díaz, K., Carvajal, R., Espinoza, L., Alcalde, J. A., and Pérez-Donoso, A. G. 2018. Exogenous applications of brassinosteroids improve color of red table grape (Vitis vinifera L. Cv. “Redglobe”) berries. Frontiers in Plant Science. 9(4):1–11.

Wan, P., Toudeshki, A., Tan, H., and Ehsani, R. 2018. A methodology for fresh tomato maturity detection using computer vision. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 146(1):43–50.

Wang, H., Guo, X., Hu, X., Li, T., Fu, X., and Liu, R. H. 2017. Comparison of phytochemical profiles, antioxidant and cellular antioxidant activities of different varieties of blueberry (Vaccinium spp.). Food Chemistry. 217:773–781.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ifnp.63897

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 2525 | views : 2104

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Indonesian Food and Nutrition Progress (print ISSN 0854-6177, online ISSN 2597-9388) is published by the Indonesian Association of Food Technologist in collaboration with Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada.

Journal of Indonesian Food and Nutrition Progress have been indexed by: 

   

 

This works is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.