The Impact of Different Intermittent Irrigation Management and Planting Distances on Yield and Yield Components of Rice Plant in Northern Iran

https://doi.org/10.22146/agritech.54211

Kamyar Sabokrow Foomani(1), Saeed Sayfzadeh(2*), Faramarz Ali Nia(3), Seyed Alireza Valad Abadi(4), Mohammadreza Yazdani(5)

(1) ‎Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad ‎University, Takestan
(2) ‎Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad ‎University, Takestan
(3) ‎Department of Seed Improvement, Rice Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural ‎Research, Education and Extension Organization, Rasht
(4) Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad ‎University, Takestan
(5) Department of Seed Improvement, Rice Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural ‎Research, Education and Extension Organization, Rasht
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


In this study, a split plot experiment was conducted in a randomized complete blocks design with three iterations, for two years, in Gilan province (Iran), to investigate the impact of periodic irrigation and different planting distances on yield and yield components of rice plant. The irrigation was performed at five levels, I1, daily flooding irrigation (control treatment) and I2, I3, I4 and I5, every 5, 8, 10, and 15-days, respectively, as the main factor. Meanwhile, the planting distances were at four levels (S1: 20 × 20, S2: 25 × 25, S3: 15 × 30, and S4: 20 × 30 cm) as the sub factor. The simple effects of irrigation, as well as planting distance on all traits except harvest index, were significant at the level of 1%. In addition, the interaction of irrigation and planting distance on seed yield, plant height, number of seeds per panicle, biological yield, and water use were also significant at the level of 1%. The 20 × 20 planting distance resulted in the best conditions for the rice plant at different stress severities, thus, a 20 × 20 planting distance is appropriate in order to achieve good yield. Meanwhile, of the irrigation levels, 5-day irrigation led to the highest yield. The 5-day irrigation produced higher yield compared to flooding irrigation, and is therefore suitable for achieving higher yields as well as for water conservation, a major agricultural problem.

Keywords


Intermittent irrigation management; planting distance; rice; water stress; Northern Iran

Full Text:

PDF


References

Amiri, E., Razavipour, T., Farid, A. & Bannayan, M. (2011). Effects of Crop Density and Irrigation Management on Water Productivity of Rice Production in Northern Iran: Field and Modeling Approach. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 42(17), 2085-2099.

Asghar, A. A., Tanveer, M., Choudhry, A., Sohail, R. & Akram, M. M. (2001). Growth and yield response of rice bean (Vigna unbellata) to different seeding rates and planting patterns. Pakistan Journal of biological science, 4(4), 460-461.

Ashouri, M. (2014). Water use efficiency, irrigation management and nitrogen utilization in rice production in the North of Iran. APCBEE Procedia, 8(2013), 70–74. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcbee.2014.03.003.

Baloch, A. W., Soomro, A. M., Javed, M. A., Ahmed, M., Bughio, H. R., Bughio, M. S. & Mastoi, N. N. (2002). Optimum plant density for high yield in rice. (Oryza Sativa L.) Asian Journal of plant sciences, 1(1), ‎‎25-27. ‎

Boojang, H. & Fukai, S. (2002). Effects of soil deficit at different growth stages on rice growth and yield under upland conditions. 1: Growth during drought. Field Crops Research, 1, 37-45.

Bouman, B. A. M., & Tuong. T. P. (2001). Field water management to save water and increase ‎its productivity in irrigated lowland rice. Agricultural Water Management, 49(1,2), 11-30. ‎

Bouman, B. A. M., Hengsdijk, H., hardy, B., Bindraban, P. S., Tuong, T. P. & Ladha, J. K. (2002). Water- wise rice production. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Water-wise Rice Production, 8-11 April 2002, Los Banos, Philippines. IRRI. 356 pp.

Belder, P., Bouman, B. A. M. & Spiertz, J. H. J. (2007). Exploring option for water savings in lowland rice using a modeling approach. Agricultural Systems, 92, 91-114.

Chamara, B. S., Marambe, B. & Bhagirath, S. (2017). Management of Cleome rutidosperma DC using high crop density in dry-seeded rice. Crop Protection, 95, 120-128.

Dawe, D. (2005). Increasing water productivity in rice-based systems in Asia-past trends, current problems, and future prospects. Plant Production Science, 8, 221-230.

Guerra, L. C., Bhuiyan, S. I., Tuong, T. P. & Barker, R. (1998). Producing more rice with less water from irrigated systems. SWIM Paper 5. IWMI/IRRI, Colombo, Sri Lanka, p. 24.

Hafeez, M. M., Bouman B. A. M., Van de Giesen, N. & Vlek, P. (2007). Scale effects on water use and water productivity in a rice-based irrigation system (UPRIIS) in the Philippines. Agricultural Water Management, 92, 81-89.

Kumar, R. & Kumar, R. (2002). Effect of drought on growth, leaf rolling, plant water status and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Indian Journal of Agronomy, 47, 61-66.

Lafitte, R. (2003). Managing water for controlled drought in breeding plots. In: Fischer, K. S., R. Lafitte, S. Fakai, G. Altin and B. Hardy, (eds.). Breeding rice for drought prone environment. International Rice Research Institute. Los Banos, Philippines.

Loeve, R., Barker, R., Dawe, D., Lin, H. & Bin, D. (2004). Growing more rice with less water: an overview of research in liuyuankou irrigation system. Henan Province, China. Available on the Url: www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Assessment/proceedings/IWMI-Paper-RLoeve.doc.

Makara, O., Basnayake, J., Tsubo, M., Fukai, S., Fisher, K. S., Cooper, M. & Nesbitt, H. (2006). Use of drought response index for identification of drought tolerant genotypes in rainfed lowland rice. Field Crops Reserch, 1, 48-58.

Miller, B. C., Hill, J. E. & Roberts, S. R. (1991). Plant population effects on growth and in water-seeded rice. Agronomy Journal, 83, 291-297.

Mohaddesi, A., Abbasian, A., Bakhshipour, S. & Salehi, M. (2010). Effects of nitrogenous fertilizer and planting density on yield and yield components of 843 rice line. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology, 2(3), 198-208.

Ockerby, S. E. & Fukai, S. (2001). The management of rice grown on raised beds with continuous furrow irrigation. Field Crops Research, 69, 215-226.

Park, G. H., Kim, J. H. & Kim, K. M. (2014). QTL analysis of yield components in rice using a cheongcheong/nagdong doubled haploid genetic map. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 5, 1174-1180.

Pascual, V. J. & Wang, Y. M. (2017). Impact of water management on rice varieties, yield, and water productivity under the system of rice intensification in Southern Taiwan. Water, 9(3), 1-15.

Quinones, C., Mattes, N., Faronilo, J., Yadav, S., Jagadish, K. S. V. 2017. Drought stress reduces grain yield by altering floral meristem development and sink size under dry‐seeded rice cultivation. Crop Science, 57, 2098-2108.

Rezaei, M. & Nahvi, M. (2007). Effect of different irrigation management methods on water use efficiency and rice yield. Agricultural Science, 1, 15-25.

Roost, N., Molden, D., Zhu, Z. & Loeve, R. (2004). Identifying water saving opportunities examples from three irrigation districts in China’s yellow river and yangtze basins. International Water Management Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka.

Shahsavari, N., Jais, H. M. & Shirani Rad, A. H. (2014). Responses of canola morphological and agronomic characteristics to zeolite and zinc fertilization under drought stress. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 45(13), 1813-1822.

Singh, A. K., Choudhury, B. U. and, Bouman, B. A. M. 2002. Effects of rice establishments methods on crop performance, water use, and mineral nitrogen. In B. A. M. Bouman et al. (ed.) Water-wise rice production, part 3. Rice- wheat. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Water-Wise Rice Production, Los Baños, Philippines: International Rice Research Institute: 237-246.

Surajit, K. & Datta, D. (1981). Principles and practices of rice production. John Wiley and Sons Inc. Singapore, 618. pp.

Tao, H., Brueck, H., Dittert, K., Kreye, C., Lin, S. H. & Sattelmacher, B. (2006). Growth and yield formation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the water-saving ground cover rice production system (GCRPS). Field Crops Research, 95, 1-12.

Tuong, T. P., Bouman, B. A. M. & Mortimer, M. (2005). More rice, less water–integrated approaches for increasing water productivity in irrigated rice-based systems in Asia. Plant Production Science, 8(3), 229-239.

Wang, Z., Gu, D., Beebout, S., Zhang, H., Liu, L., Yang, J. & Zhang, J. (2018). Effect of irrigation regime on grain yield, water productivity, and methane emissions in dry direct-seeded rice grown in raised beds with wheat straw incorporation. The Crop Journal, 6, 495-508.

Yang, J. C., Liu, K., Zhang, S. F., Wang, X. M., Wang, Z. Q. & Liu, L. J. (2008). Hormones in rice spikelets in responses to water stress during meiosis. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 34, 111-118.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/agritech.54211

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 1688 | views : 1691

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2021 Kamyar Sabokrow Foomani, Saeed Sayfzadeh, Faramarz Ali Nia, Seyed Alireza Valad Abadi, Mohammadreza Yazdani

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

agriTECH has been Indexed by:

Emerging Source Citation Index Directory of Open Access Journals CABI.org Dimensions Google Scholar Sinta Garuda

agriTECH (print ISSN 0216-0455; online ISSN 2527-3825) is published by Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada in colaboration with Indonesian Association of Food Technologies.

website statisticsView My Stats