Effects of Hedysarum coronarium L. (sulla) as a Green Manure along with Nitrogen Fertilizer on Maize Production

https://doi.org/10.22146/agritech.58944

Mohammad Mahdi Akbarian(1), Tahereh Mojaradi(2*), Fatemeh Shirzadi(3)

(1) Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Bam Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bam
(2) College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
(3) College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Green manure as a source of soil organic matter is an important indicator of potential agricultural ecosystems capable of preventing erosion, reducing runoff, increasing soil permeability, improving ventilation, ameliorating the temperature, and enhancing the function of microorganisms. Therefore, to investigate the effects of green manure Sulla (Hedysarum coronarium) and nitrogen fertilizer on maize yield in Kermanshah, an experiment was carried out as split-plot in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The main factor was the use of Sula in two levels, namely application and non-application, while, the sub-factor was the application of N fertilizer at four levels of zero, 200, 400 and 500 kg/ha. The highest leaf area index was observed by 400 kg/ha N application along with green manure. Grains per ear determined using green manure and nitrogen fertilizer at levels of 0, 200, 400 and 500 kg/ha increased by 8, 10, 15, and 15%, respectively. The result showed that the Sulla green manure treatment increased the grain yield by 10% compared to the control treatment. Furthermore, the highest grain yield was obtained under two treatments of 400 and 500 kg N/ha which was significantly different from other levels of N applications. The application of green manure application also increased the maize protein content by 8% with a rise in the highest levels of nitrogen fertilizer. Meanwhile, the application of Sulla as a green fertilizer or pre-planting had a positive impact on increasing soil organic matter and maize yield. Therefore, cultivation of Sulla can be considered a positive task towards sustainable agriculture.

Keywords


Pre-plant cultivation; protein content; sulla; urea

Full Text:

PDF


References

Abdelhamid, M. T., Horiuchi, T., & Oba, S. (2004). Composting of rice straw with oilseed rape cake and poultry manure and its effects on faba bean (Vicia faba L.) growth and soil properties. Bioresource Technology, 93(2): 183-189. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2003.10.012

Algan, N., & Celen, A. E. (2011). Evaluation of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) as green manure in Aegean conditions in terms of soil nutrition under different sowing dates. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6(7): 1744-1749. http://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR10.486

Al-Kaisi, M. M., & Yin, X. (2003). Effects of nitrogen rate, irrigation rate, and plant population on corn yield and water use efficiency. Agronomy Journal, 95(6): 1475-1482. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2003.1475

Bahrani, A. (2015). Effect of irrigation methods and potassium fertilizer on grain yield and water use efficiency on corn. http://agris.fao.org/agris-search

Belachew, T., & Abera, Y. (2011). Effect of green manuring in combination with nitrogen on soil fertility and yield of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under double cropping system of Sinana-dinsho, Southeast Ethiopia. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences, 1(1): 1-11. http://doi.org/10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.1353822.V1

Blanco-Canqui, H., & Lal, R. (2009). Crop residue removal impacts on soil productivity and environmental quality. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 28(3): 139-163. http://doi.org/ 10.1080/07352680902776507

Borghi, B., Corbellini, M., Ciaffi, M., Lafiandra, D., Stefanis, E., Sgrulletta, D., Boggini, G., Fonzo, N., De Stefanis, E., & Di, F. N. (1995). Effect of heat shock during grain filling on grain quality of bread and durum wheats. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 46(7): 1365-1380. http://doi.org/10.1016/S1161-0301(96)02040-0

Chen, C. P., Cheng, C. H., Huang, Y. H., Chen, C. T., Lai, C. M., Menyailo, O. V., Fan, L. J., & Yang, Y. W. (2014a). Converting leguminous green manure into biochar: changes in chemical composition and C and N mineralization. Geoderma, 232: 581-588.

Chen, B., Liu, E., Tian, Q., Yan, C., & Zhang, Y. (2014b). Soil nitrogen dynamics and crop residues. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 34(2): 429-442. http://doi.org/ 10.1007/s13593-014-0207-8

Cherr, C. M., Scholberg, J. M. S., & McSorley, R. (2006). Green manure approaches to crop production. Agronomy Journal, 98(2): 302-319. http://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2005.0035

ChutichudetBenjawan, P. C., & Kaewsit, S. (2007). Effects of green manures on growth, yield and quality of green okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) Har Lium Cultivar. Pakistan Journal of Biology Science, 10(7): 1028-1035. http://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2007.1028.1035

Coolon, J. D., Jones, K. L., Todd, T. C., Blair, J. M., & Herman, M. A. (2013). Long-term nitrogen amendment alters the diversity and assemblage of soil bacterial communities in tallgrass prairie. PLoS One, 8(6). http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0067884

Córdoba, E. M., Nadal, S., Román, B., & Gónzalez-Verdejo, C. I. (2013). Collection, characterization and evaluation of wild (Hedysarum coronarium L.) populations from Andalusia (southern Spain). Australian Journal of Crop Science, 7(2): 165-172.

Damon, P. M., Bowden, B., Rose, T., & Rengel, Z. (2014). Crop residue contributions to phosphorus pools in agricultural soils: A review. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 74: 127-137. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.03.003

Dordas, C. A., & Sioulas, C. (2008). Safflower yield, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, and water use efficiency response to nitrogen fertilization under rainfed conditions. Industrial Crops and Products, 27(1): 75-85. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2007.07.020

Eltelib, H. A., Hamad, M. A., & Ali, E. E. (2006). The effect of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on growth, yield and quality of forage maize (Zea mays L.). Journal of Agronomy, 5(3): 515-518. http://doi.org/10.3923/ja.2006.515.518

Ercoli, L., Lulli, L., Mariotti, M., Masoni, A., & Arduini, I. (2008). Post-anthesis dry matter and nitrogen dynamics in durum wheat as affected by nitrogen supply and soil water availability. European Journal of Agronomy, 28(2): 138-147. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2007.06.002

Fageria, N. K. (2007). Green manuring in crop production. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 30(5): 691-719. http://doi.org/10.1080/01904160701289529

García-Fraile, P., Benada, O., Cajthaml, T., Baldrian, P., & Lladó, S. (2016). Terracidiphilus gabretensis gen. nov., sp. nov., an abundant and active forest soil acidobacterium important in organic matter transformation. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 82(2): 560-569. http://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.03353-15

Garrido-Lestache, E., López-Bellido, R. J., & López-Bellido, L. (2005). Durum wheat quality under Mediterranean conditions as affected by N rate, timing and splitting, N form and S fertilization. European Journal of Agronomy, 23(3): 265-278. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2004.12.001

Gheysari, M., Mirlatifi, S. M., Homaee, M., Asadi, M. E., & Hoogenboom, G. (2009). Nitrate leaching in a silage maize field under different irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer rates. Agricultural Water Management, 96(6): 946-954.

Gholamhoseini, M., AghaAlikhani, M., Mirlatifi, S. M., & Sanavy, S. A. M. M. (2013). Weeds–Friend or foe? Increasing forage yield and decreasing nitrate leaching on a corn forage farm infested by redroot pigweed. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 179: 151-162.

Ghuman, B. S., & Sur, H. S. (2001). Tillage and residue management effects on soil properties and yields of rainfed maize and wheat in a subhumid subtropical climate. Soil & Tillage Research, 58(1-2): 1-10. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-1987(00)00147-1

Guarda, G., Padovan, S., & Delogu, G. (2004). Grain yield, nitrogen-use efficiency and baking quality of old and modern Italian bread-wheat cultivars grown at different nitrogen levels. European Journal of Agronomy, 21(2): 181-192. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2003.08.001

Hartmann, A., Schmid, M., Van Tuinen, D., & Berg, G. (2009). Plant-driven selection of microbes. Plant Soils, 321(1-2): 235-257. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-008-9814-y

He, Y., Dong, Y., Xiao, S., Peng, Q., Liu, X., & Sun, L. (2013). Effects of nitrogen fertilization on soil microbial biomass and community functional diversity in temperate grassland in inner Mongolia, China. Clean-Soil, Air and Water, 41: 1216–1221. http://doi.org/10.1002/clen.201200021

Hokmalipour, S., & Darbandi, M. H. (2011). Physiological growth indices in corn (Zea mays L.) cultivars as affected by nitrogen fertilizer levels. World Applied Sciences Journal, 15(12): 1800-1805.

Hussain, I., Khan, M. A., & Khan, E. A. (2006). Bread wheat varieties as influenced by different nitrogen levels. Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B, 7(1): 70-78. http://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.2006.B0070

Iqbal, M. M., Akhter, J., Mohammad, W., Shah, S. M., Nawaz, H., & Mahmood, K. (2005). Effect of tillage and fertilizer levels on wheat yield, nitrogen uptake and their correlation with carbon isotope discrimination under rainfed conditions in north-west Pakistan. Soil & Tillage Research, 80(1-2): 47-57.

Iqbal, S. M. (2009). Effect of crop residue qualities on decomposition rates, soil phosphorus dynamics and plant phosphorus uptake (Doctoral dissertation).

Jerković, I., Tuberso, C. I., Gugić, M., & Bubalo, D. (2010). Composition of sulla (Hedysarum coronarium L.) honey solvent extractives determined by GC/MS: norisoprenoids and other volatile organic compounds. Molecules, 15(9): 6375-6385. http://doi.org/10.3390/molecules15096375

Khan, H. Z., Iqbal, S., Iqbal, A., Akbar, N., & Jones, D. L. (2011). Response of maize (Zea mays L.) varieties to different levels of nitrogen. Crop Environments, 2(2): 15-19. http://doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2016.50075

Kogbe, J. O. S., & Adediran, J. A. (2003). Influence of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium application on the yield of maize in the savanna zone of Nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology, 2(10): 345-349. http://doi.org/10.5897/AJB2003.000-1071

Kruidhof, H. M., Bastiaans, L., & Kropff, M. J. (2008). Ecological weed management by cover cropping: effects on weed growth in autumn and weed establishment in spring. Weed Research, 48(6): 492-502. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.2008.00665.x

Larsen, E., Grossman, J., Edgell, J., Hoyt, G., Osmond, D., & Hu, S. (2014). Soil biological properties, soil losses and corn yield in long-term organic and conventional farming systems. Soil & Tillage Research, 139: 37-45. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2014.02.002

Lawrence, J. R., Ketterings, Q. M., & Cherney, J. H. (2008). Effect of nitrogen application on yield and quality of silage corn after forage legume-grass. Agronomy Journal, 100(1): 73-79. http://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2007.0071

Lebman, M., Graef, R. L., Nettleton, D., & Cambardella, C. A. (2012). Use of legume green manures as nitrogen sources for corn production. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 27(3): 180-191. http://doi.org/10.1017/S1742170511000299

Limon-Ortega, A., Govaerts, B., & Sayre, K. D. (2008). Straw management, crop rotation, and nitrogen source effect on wheat grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency. European Journal of Agronomy, 29(1): 21-28. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2008.01.008

Montemurro, F., & De Giorgio, D. (2005). Quality and nitrogen use efficiency of sunflower grown at different nitrogen levels under Mediterranean conditions. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 28(2): 335-350. http://doi.org/10.1081/PLN-200047627

N’Dayegamiye, A., & Tran, T. S. (2001). Effects of green manures on soil organic matter and wheat yields and N nutrition. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 81(4): 371-382. http://doi.org/10.4141/S00-034

Nemeikšienė, D., Arlauskienė, A., & Šlepetienė, A. (2011). Improving winter wheat yields in organic farming systems through innovations in green manure management. In Environment. Technology. Resources–Proc. 8th International Scientific-Practical Conference, 11: 268-275. http://doi.org/10.17770/etr2011vol2.992

Niehues, B. J., Lamond, R. E., Godsey, C. B., & Olsen, C. J. (2004). Starter nitrogen fertilizer management for continuous no-till corn production. Agronomy Journal, 96(5): 1412-1418. http://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2004.1412

Onasanya, R. O., Aiyelari, O. P., Onasanya, A., Oikeh, S., Nwilene, F. E., & Oyelakin, O. O. (2009). Growth and yield response of maize (Zea mays L.) to different rates of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers in southern Nigeria. World Journal of Agricultural Science, 5(4): 400-407.

Pandiaraj, S., Selvaraj, S., & Ramu, N. (2015). Effects of crop residue management and nitrogen fertilizer on soil nitrogen and carbon content and productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in two cropping systems. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 17(1): 249-260.

Patel, J. B., Patel, V. J., & Patel, J. R. (2006). Influence of different methods of irrigation and nitrogen levels on crop growth rate and yield of maize (Zea mays L.). Indian Journal of Crop Science, 1(1-2): 175-177.

Rieger, S., Richner, W., Streit, B., Frossard, E., & Liedgens, M. (2008). Growth, yield, and yield components of winter wheat and the effects of tillage intensity, preceding crops, and N fertilization. European Journal of Agronomy, 28(3): 405-411. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2007.11.006

Ruisi, P., Siragusa, M., Di Giorgio, G., Graziano, D., Amato, G., Carimi, F., & Giambalvo, D. (2011). Pheno-morphological, agronomic and genetic diversity among natural populations of sulla (Hedysarum coronarium L.) collected in Sicily, Italy. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 58(2): 245-257. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-010-9565-5

Ryan, J., Pala, M., Masri, S., Singh, M., & Harris, H. (2008). Rainfed wheat-based rotations under Mediterranean conditions: Crop sequences, nitrogen fertilization, and stubble grazing in relation to grain and straw quality. European Journal of Agronomy, 28(2): 112-118. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2007.05.008

Sainju, U. M., Schomberg, H. H., Singh, B. P., Whitehead, W. F., Tillman, P. G., & Lachnicht-Weyers, S. L. (2007). Cover crop effect on soil carbon fractions under conservation tillage cotton. Soil & Tillage Research, 96(1-2): 205-218. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2007.06.006

Selvi, R. V., & Kalpana, R. (2009). Potentials of green manure in integrated nutrient management for rice–a review. Agricultural Reviews, 30(1): 40-47.

Shah, Z., Ahmad, S. R., Rahman, H. U., Latif, A., & Shah, A. (2011). Rice and wheat yields in relation to biomass of green manure legumes. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 27(1): 73-84.

Sharma, S., Upadhyay, R. G., & Sharma, C. R. (2003). Response of various levels of nitrogen and phosphorus application on growth, physiological parameters and yield of (Vigna radiate L.) Wilczek under rainfed and mid-hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, 37(1): 52-55.

Soleymani, A., & Shahrajabian, M. H. (2017). Assessment of ET-HS model for estimating crop water demand and its effects on yield and yield components of barley and wheat in semi-arid region of Iran. Cercetari Agronomy Moldova, 50(4): 37-49. http://doi.org/10.1515/cerce-2017-0034

Soleymani, A., Khoshkharam, M., & Shahrajabian, M. H. (2012). Germination rate and initial growth of silage corn grown under various fertility systems. Research on Crops, 13(3): 1035-1038.

Somasegaran, P., & Hoben, H. J. (2012). Handbook for Rhizobia: Methods in Legume-Rhizobium Technology. Springer Science & Business Media.

Spedding, T. A., Hamel, C., Mehuys, G. R., & Madramootoo, C. A. (2004). Soil microbial dynamics in maize-growing soil under different tillage and residue management systems. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 36(3): 499-512. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2003.10.026

Steenwerth, K., & Belina, K. M. (2008). Cover crops enhance soil organic matter, carbon dynamics and microbiological function in a vineyard agroecosystem. Applied Soil Ecology, 40(2): 359-369. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2008.06.006

Subedi, K. D., Ma, B. L., & Xue, A. G. (2007). Planting date and nitrogen effects on grain yield and protein content of spring wheat. Crop Science, 47(1): 36-44. http://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2006.02.0099

Sulas, L., Stangoni, A. P., Re, G. A., & Ledda, L. (2000). Growing cycle of (Hedysarum coronarium L.) (sulla): relationship between plant density, stem length, forage yield and phytomass partitioning. In: (Sulas L.) (ed.). Legumes for Mediterranean forage crops, pastures and alternative uses. Zaragoza: CIHEAM, 2000. p. 147-151 (Cahiers Options Méditerranéennes; n. 45).

Surekha, K., Pavan Chandra Reddy, K., Padma Kumari, A. P., & Sta Cruz, P. C. (2006). Effect of straw on yield components of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under rice‐rice cropping system. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 192(2): 92-101. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-037X.2006.00192.x

Talgre, L., Lauringson, E., & Makke, A. (2010). Amounts of nitrogen and carbon returned to soil depending on green manure and the effect on winter wheat yield. Agronomy Research, 8(2): 487-492.

Tao, J., Liu, X., Liang, Y., Niu, J., Xiao, Y., Gu, Y., Ma, L., Meng, D., Zhang, Y., Huang, W., & Peng, D. (2017). Maize growth responses to soil microbes and soil properties after fertilization with different green manures. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 101(3): 1289-1299. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-016-7938-1

Tejada, M., Gonzalez, J. L., García-Martínez, A. M., & Parrado, J. (2008). Effects of different green manures on soil biological properties and maize yield. Bioresource Technology, 99(6): 1758-1767. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.03.052

Torbert, H. A., Potter, K. N., & Morrison, J. E. (2001). Tillage system, fertilizer nitrogen rate, and timing effect on corn yields in the Texas Blackland Prairie. Agronomy Journal, 93(5): 1119-1124. http://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2001.9351119x

Treseder, K. K. (2008). Nitrogen additions and microbial biomass: A meta‐analysis of ecosystem studies. Ecology Letter, 11(10): 1111-1120. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01230.x

Unkovich, M., Baldock, J., & Forbes, M. (2010). Variability in harvest index of grain crops and potential significance for carbon accounting: examples from Australian agriculture. In Advances in agronomy, 105, pp. 173-219. Academic Press.

Vetsch, J. A., & Randall, G. W. (2004). Corn production as affected by nitrogen application timing and tillage. Agronomy Journal, 96(2): 502-509.

Zotarelli, L., Avila, L., Scholberg, J. M. S., & Alves, B. J. R. (2009). Benefits of vetch and rye cover crops to sweet corn under no-tillage. Agronomy Journal, 101(2): 252-260. http://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2008.0033x



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/agritech.58944

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 2159 | views : 1906

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2021 Mohammad Mahdi Akbarian, Tahereh Mojaradi, Fatemeh Shirzadi

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

agriTECH has been Indexed by:

Emerging Source Citation Index Directory of Open Access Journals CABI.org Dimensions Google Scholar Sinta Garuda

agriTECH (print ISSN 0216-0455; online ISSN 2527-3825) is published by Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada in colaboration with Indonesian Association of Food Technologies.

website statisticsView My Stats