Pengaruh Media Budidaya Menggunakan Air Laut dan Air Tawar terhadap Sifat Kimia dan Fungsional Biomassa Kering (Spirulina platensis)
Nurfitri Ekantari(1*), Yustinus Marsono(2), Yudi Pranoto(3), Eni Harmayani(4)
(1) Departemen Perikanan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora, Gedung A-4, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281
(2) Departemen Teknologi Pangan dan Hasil Pertanian, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora No. 1, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281
(3) Departemen Teknologi Pangan dan Hasil Pertanian, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora No. 1, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281
(4) Departemen Teknologi Pangan dan Hasil Pertanian, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora No. 1, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Spirulina is a microalgae, easily cultivated and grows well in a low to high-level of salinity. Chemical contents in Spirulina can be influenced by the conditions of cultivation. Spirulina platensis sold in Indonesia is largerly cultured in marine water or fresh water medium. S. platensis can be used as a source of calcium because it has 700-1000 mg/100 g of dry biomass. This study aimed to determine the effect of sea water and fresh water cultivation medium on the chemical composition of S. platensis. Samples were determined the chemical composition included proximate analysis, mineral content of Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg) and Phosphor (P), total glucose, starch, and dietary fiber. Functional properties were also determined i.e: solubility, water and oil binding capacities, emulsion and foam abilities. The results showed that the content of ash and minerals (Ca, Mg, P) of S. platensis cultivated in marine water was higher that of S. platensis cultivated in freshwater. This results suggested that S. platensis cultured in the sea water medium was potential as an alternative source of calcium (512,53 mg Ca/100 g) with a ratio Ca-P = 1:1.79. The carbohydrate content was at least 28,41 %db (total sugars almost 0,09 %db, starch 6,9 %db and total dietary fiber 24,81 %db). The dietary fiber was dominated by insoluble dietary fiber (24,81 %db). Functional properties were affected by cultured medium. Spirulina platensis cultivated in marine water exhibited high capacity on Water and Oil Holding Capacities (WHC and OHC) that were 4,46 ml/g and 2,35 ml/g, respectively. Water Solubility Index (WSI), foaming capacity, emulsion capacity were not affected by cultured media.
ABSTRAK
Spirulina merupakan mikroalga, mudah dibudidayakan dan dapat hidup dalam tingkat salinitas yang rendah hingga tinggi. Kandungan kimia dalam Spirulina dapat dipengaruhi oleh media budidayanya. Di Indonesia Spirulina platensis yang beredar sebagian merupakan hasil budidaya dari berbagai tempat dengan media budidaya air tawar maupun air laut. S. platensis dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu sumber kalsium karena kandungannya dapat mencapai 700-1000 mg/100 g biomassa kering. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh media budidaya air laut dan air tawar terhadap komposisi kimia dan sifat fungsional dari S. platensis. Parameter kimia yang diamati yaitu komposisi proksimat, kandungan mineral Ca, Mg dan P, kandungan gula, pati dan serat pangan. Parameter sifat fungsional meliputi kelarutan, kemampuan mengikat air dan lemak, emulsifikasi dan kemampuan membentuk busa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kandungan abu dan mineral (Ca, Mg, P) S. platensis budidaya air laut lebih tinggi daripada budidaya air tawar. S. platensis asal budidaya laut berpotensi sebagai alternatif sumber kalsium (512,53 mg Ca/100 g) dengan rasio Ca:P = 1:1,79. Kandungan karbohidrat S. platensis hasil budidaya media air laut lebih rendah yaitu 28,41 %db (gula total dengan nilai 0,09 %db, pati 6,9 %db dan total serat pangan 24,81 %db), serat pangan terutama berupa serat pangan tak larut sebesar 24,18 %db. Sifat fungsional dipengaruhi oleh asal budidaya. Spirulina platensis asal budidaya laut memiliki sifat Water Holding Capacity (WHC) yang lebih tinggi yaitu 4,46 ml/g dibandingkan sifat Oil Holding Capacity (OHC) yaitu 2,35 ml/g, sedangkan Water Soluble Index (WSI), kapasitas membentuk busa dan emulsifikasi tidak dipengaruhi media budidaya.
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PDF (Bahasa Indonesia)DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/agritech.10843
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agriTECH (print ISSN 0216-0455; online ISSN 2527-3825) is published by Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada in colaboration with Indonesian Association of Food Technologies.