Identification and Composition of Volatile Compounds in Liquid Smoke Derived from Betara Variety of Areca catechu Husk

https://doi.org/10.22146/agritech.63605

Kamalia Muliyanti(1), Chusnul Hidayat(2), Supriyadi Supriyadi(3*)

(1) Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technologi (AIAT) Jambi, Ministry of Agricultural, Jl. Samarinda, Paal Lima Village, Kota Baru District, Jambi
(2) Department of Food and Agricultural Products Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora No. 1. Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281
(3) Department of Food and Agricultural Products Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora No. 1. Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


The seeds of Areca nut plants hold significant economic value, with a remarkable total production of 65,295.89 tons. However, the husk, constituting 50% to 75% of the fruit, are persistently discarded. This study aims to explore the conversion of Areca nut waste into liquid smoke with specific physical properties and chemical composition. It uses GC-MS to identify volatile chemicals in liquid smoke and carries out a distillation process using a glass column containing natural zeolite for purification. Furthermore, the pyrolysis method is employed at a varying temperature of 150 °C, 250 °C, 350 °C, and 450 °C for 3 hours to process the waste into liquid smoke. The study determines the chemical composition of total acid, phenol, and carbonyl, which range from 1.34% to 3.09%, 0.37% to 0.42%, and 6.84% to 7.46%, respectively. The physical properties of crude liquid smoke in terms of yield range from 16.93% to 31.49%, while the color brightness varies from 25.02 to 57.46. The result shows that liquid smoke comprises 13 acidic, 20 carbonyl, and 6 phenolic compounds, contributing to the aroma. In addition, temperature of the pyrolysis process affects the formation of liquid smoke and the corresponding compounds contained in Areca husk.

Keywords


Betara variety of Areca Catechu husk; liquid smoke; pyrolysis; temperature

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/agritech.63605

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