Characterization of Chitosan-Based Active Film with Addition of Young Coconut (Cocos nucifera) Leaf Extract

https://doi.org/10.22146/agritech.64181

Darmono Erma(1), Supriyadi Supriyadi(2), Umar Santoso(3*)

(1) Agriculture and Plantation Service, Province of Central Java, Jl. Gatot Subroto Tarubudaya Ungaran, Central Java
(2) Departement of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora No. 1, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281
(3) Departement of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora No. 1, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


This research was aimed to investigate the potential of young coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) leaf extract as an antioxidant and antibacterial active compounds. In this study, the physical, mechanical, antioxidant, and antibacterial activity of chitosan-based film with addition of young coconut leaf extract were examined. The young coconut leaf extract was prepared by maceration using ethanol for 48 hours at room temperature. The antioxidant and antibacterial activities were determined by the DPPH and well diffusion methods, respectively. The total phenolic and flavonoids were analyzed using spectrophotometric method. The film was prepared using 1.0 and 1.5% chitosan solution added with young coconut leaf extract at 0, 0.1, and 0.3%. The characterization of the film included color, tensile strength, elongation, WVP, film morphology, identification of functional groups, and total phenolic and antioxidant activity release. The results showed that the antioxidant activity of young coconut leaf extract was IC50 of 58.61 ppm. The antibacterial activity test showed that the inhibitory zone for S. aureus, Salmonella sp., and E. coli were 17,66, 24.40, and 12.27 mm, respectively. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were 129.27 mg GAE/g extracts and 3.92 mg QE/g extract, respectively. The color of the film was dark. The higher the concentration of chitosan and the young coconut leaf extract, the higher the tensile strength, whereas the value of elongation at break and water vapor permeability decreased. The release of total phenolic was higher in lipophilic food simulants than in an aqueous system. The result of the study reveals that chitosan-based film added with young coconut leaf extract had great potential as an active biodegradable film for food packaging systems.

 


Keywords


Active film; antioxidant activity; chitosan; coconut leaf

Full Text:

PDF


References

Amic D, Dusanka D, A., Beslo D, and Trinasjtia. 2003. Structure-radical scavenging activity relationships of flavonoids. Croatia Chemica Acta 76:55-61.

Atarés, L., Pérez-Masiá, R., and Chiralt, A. 2011. The role of some antioxidants in the HPMC film properties and lipid protection in coated toasted almonds. Journal of Food Engineering, 104(4), 649–656.

Bodini, R. B., Sobral, P. J. A., Favaro-Trindade, C. S., and Carvalho, R. A. 2013. Properties of gelatin-based films with added ethanol-propolis extract. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 51(1), 104–110.

Butsat, S., and Siriamornpun, S. 2016. Effect of solvent types and extraction times on phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity in leaf extracts of Amomum chinense C. International Food Research Journal 23(1): 180–187.

Calatayud, M., López-De-Dicastillo, C., López-Carballo, G., Vélez, D., Hernández Muñoz, P., and Gavara, R. 2013. Active films based on cocoa extract with antioxidant, antimicrobial, and biological applications. Food Chemistry, 139(1–4), 51–58.

Chew, K.K., Ng, S.Y., Thoo, Y.Y., Khoo, M.Z., Wan Aida, W.M.and Ho, C.W. 2011. Effect of ethanol concentration, extraction time, and extraction temperature on the recovery of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of Centella Asiatica extracts. International Food Research Journal 18: 571-578.

Cho, J.-Y., Moon, J.-H., Seong, K.-Y., & Park, K.-H. et al. 1998. Antimicrobial activity of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and trans 4-hydroxycinnamic acid isolated and identified from rice hull. In Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry (Vol. 62, Issue 11, pp. 2273–2276).

Dey, G., Chakraborty, M., and Mitra, A. 2005. Profiling C6-C3 and C6-C1 phenolic metabolites in Cocos nucifera. Journal of Plant Physiology, 162(4), 375–381.

Hasanah, U. 2019. Perubahan Komponen Volatil, Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Antimikrobia Daun Kelapa (Cocos Nucifera L.) Muda Akibat Pengukusan. MSc. thesis. Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology. Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia.

Hopkins, E. J., Chang, C., Lam, R. S. H., and Nickerson, M. T. 2015. Effects of flaxseed oil concentration on the performance of a soy protein isolate-based emulsion-type film. Food Research International, 67, 418–425.

Ifesan, B., Fashakin, J. F., Ebosele F., and Oyerinde. A. S. 2013. Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Selected Plant Leaves. European Journal of Medicinal Plants, 3(3), 465–473.

Jeevani O, W., M. M., Karim, A. A. and Bhat, R. 2011. Evaluation of nutritional quality of torch ginger (Etlingera elatior Jack.) inflorescence. International Food Research Journal 18(4): 1415-1420.

Katja, D. G, and Edi, S. 2008. Analyses of phytochemistry content and quenching oxygen singlet activities from coconut leaves. Chemistry Progress. Vol. 1, No. 2: 78-84.

Kaur, A., Kaur, M., Kaur, P., Kaur, H., Kaur, S., and Kaur, K. 2015. Estimation and comparison of total phenolic and total antioxidants in green tea and black tea. Global Journal of Bio-Science and Biotechnology, 4(1), 116–120.

Kaya, M., Khadem, S., Cakmak, Y. S., Mujtaba, M., Ilk, S., Akyuz, L., Salaberria, A. M., Labidi, J., Abdulqadir, A. H., and Deligöz, E. 2018. Antioxidative and antimicrobial edible chitosan films blended with stem, leaf, and seed extracts of Pistacia terebinthus for active food packaging. RSC Advances, 8(8), 3941–3950.

López-De-Dicastillo, C., Alonso, J. M., Catalá, R., Gavara, R., and Hernández-Munoz, P. 2010. Improving the antioxidant protection of packaged food by incorporating natural flavonoids into ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) films. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58(20), 10958–10964.

López De Dicastillo, C., Nerín, C., Alfaro, P., Catalá, R., Gavara, R., and Hernández-Muñoz, P. 2011. Development of new antioxidant active packaging films based on ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) and green tea extract. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 59(14), 7832–7840.

López De Dicastillo, C., Rodríguez, F., Guarda, A., and Galotto, M. J. 2016. Antioxidant films based on crosslinked methyl cellulose and native Chilean berry for food packaging applications. Carbohydrate Polymers, 136, 1052–1060.

Lv, F., Liang, H., Yuan, Q., and Li, C. 2011. In vitro antimicrobial effects and mechanism of action of selected plant essential oil combinations against four food-related microorganisms. Food Research International, 44(9), 3057–3064.

Madikizela, B., Aderogba, M. A., Finnie, J. F., and Van Staden, J. 2014. Isolation and characterization of antimicrobial compounds from Terminalia phanerophlebia Engl. & Diels leaf extracts. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 156, 228–234.

Marini, M., Bondi, M., Iseppi, R., Toselli, M., and Pilati, F. 2007. Preparation and antibacterial activity of hybrid materials containing quaternary ammonium salts via the sol-gel process. European Polymer Journal, 43(8), 3621–3628.

Molyneux P. 2004. The use of the stable free radical diphenylpicryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) for estimating antioxidant activity. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology, 26(May), 211–219.

Naczk, M., and Shahidi, F. 2004. Extraction and analysis of phenolics in food. Journal of Chromatography A 1054: 95–111.

Nguyen, T. T., Thi Dao, U. T., Thi Bui, Q. P., Bach, G. L., Ha Thuc, C. N., and Ha Thuc, H. 2020. Enhanced antimicrobial activities and physiochemical properties of edible film based on chitosan incorporated with Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engl. leaf extract. Progress in Organic Coatings, 140, 105487.

Noviadji, B.R. 2014. Desain Kemasan Tradisional Dalam Konteks Kekinian. Jurnal Fakultas Desain. Vol 1(1).

Nurindra, A. P., M. A. Alamsjah, and Sudarno. 2015. Characterization of Edible Film from Propagules Mangrove Lindur (Bruguiera Gymnorrhiza) Starch with Addition of Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) as Plasticizer. Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan Vol. 7 No. 2.

Nur Fatin Nazurah, R., and Nur Hanani, Z. A. 2017. Physicochemical characterization of kappa-carrageenan (Euchema cottoni) based films incorporated with various plant oils. Carbohydrate Polymers, 157, 1479–1487.

Nur Hanani, Z. A., Roos, Y. H., and Kerry, J. P. 2012. Use of beef, pork, and fish gelatin sources in the manufacture of films and assessment of their composition and mechanical properties. Food Hydrocolloids, 29(1), 144–151.

Oka A. A., K. A. Wiyana, I. M. Sugitha, and I.N.S. Miwada, 2016. Identifikasi Sifat Fungsional Dari Daun Jati, Kelor dan Kayu Manis dan Potensinya sebagai Sumber Antioksidan pada Edible Film. Jurnal Sain Peternakan Indonesia Vol. 11 No 1. ISSN 1978-3000

Rambabu, K., Bharath, G., Banat, F., Show, P. L., and Cocoletzi, H. H. 2019. Mango leaf extract incorporated chitosan antioxidant film for active food packaging. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 126, 1234–1243.

Safinta, N. R., Santoso, U., and Supriyadi. 2019. Ekstrak Daun Pisang Klutuk (Musa balbisiana Colla) sebagai Bahan Tambahan pada Pembuatan Kemasan Aktif berbasis Methyl Cellulose. CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia. Vol. 6, No. 1, June 2019, pp. 07-14. ISSN 2355-8776

Sasidharan, S., Sharmini, R., Vijayarathna, S., Yoga Latha, L., Vijenthi, R., Amala, R., and Amutha, S. 2009. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extracts of Elaeis guineensis Jacq leaf. Pharmacologyonline, 3, 84–90.

Siripatrawan, U., and Harte, B. R. 2010. Physical properties and antioxidant activity of an active film from chitosan incorporated with green tea extract. Food Hydrocolloids, 24(8), 770–775.

Siripatrawan, U., and Vitchayakitti, W. 2016. Improving functional properties of chitosan films as active food packaging by incorporating with propolis. Food Hydrocolloids, 61, 695–702.

Song, X., Zhou, C., Fu, F., Chen, Z., and Wu, Q. 2013. Effect of high-pressure homogenization on particle size and film properties of soy protein isolate. Industrial Crops and Products, 43(1), 538–544.

Stanković, M. 2011. Total phenolic content, flavonoid concentration, and antioxidant activity of Marrubium peregrinum L. extracts. Kragujevac Journal of Science, 33(33), 63–72.

Velioglu, Y. S., Mazza, G., Gao, L., and Oomah, B. D. 1998. Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolics in Selected Fruits, Vegetables, and Grain Products. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 46(10), 4113–4117.

Wang, Q., Tian, F., Feng, Z., Fan, X., Pan, Z., and Zhou, J. 2015. Antioxidant activity and physicochemical properties of chitosan films incorporated with Lycium barbarum fruit extract for active food packaging. International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 50(2), 458–464.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/agritech.64181

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 1996 | views : 1260

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Copyright (c) 2022 Umar Santoso, Darmono Erma, Supriyadi Supriyadi

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

agriTECH has been Indexed by:


agriTECH (print ISSN 0216-0455; online ISSN 2527-3825) is published by Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada in colaboration with Indonesian Association of Food Technologies.


website statisticsView My Stats